Zaragoza Airport
5461779
216498861
2008-06-01T22:44:59Z
Huntster
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{{Infobox Airport
| name = Zaragoza Airport
| nativename =
| nativename-r =
| image = Zaragoza airport.jpg
| caption =
| image2 = Zaragozamapa.PNG
| caption2 = Location of Zaragoza Airport
| IATA = ZAZ
| ICAO = LEZG
| LID =
| type = Public
| owner-oper = Aeropuertos Españoles y Navegacion Aerea
| location = [[Zaragoza]], [[Spain]]
| elevation-f = 863
| elevation-m = 263
| coordinates = {{coor dms|41|39|58|N|01|02|30|W|type:airport_region:ES}}
| website =
| metric-elev = yes
| metric-rwy = yes
| r1-number = 12R/30L
| r1-length-f = 12,200
| r1-length-m = 3,718
| r1-surface = [[Concrete]]
| r2-number = 12L/30R
| r2-length-f = 9,921
| r2-length-m = 3,024
| r2-surface = [[Asphalt]]
}}
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[[Image:Zaz-diagram.jpg|thumb|right|210px|Airport diagram]]
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'''Zaragoza Airport''' {{airport codes|ZAZ|LEZG}} is a commercial [[airport]] near [[Zaragoza]], [[Spain]]. It is located {{convert|16|km|0}} west of Zaragoza, {{convert|270|km|0|abbr=on}} west of [[Barcelona]], and {{convert|262|km|0|abbr=on}} northeast of [[Madrid]].
In addition to serving as a commercial airport, Zaragoza is the home of the Spanish Air Force 15th Group. The airport is also utilized by [[NASA]] as a contingency landing site for the [[Space Shuttle]] in the case of a [[Space Shuttle abort modes#Intact abort modes|Transoceanic Abort Landing]] (TAL).
==Airlines and destinations==
*[[Air Europa]] (Palma de Mallorca, Tenerife-South)
*[[Iberia Airlines|Iberia]] (Frankfurt, Lisbon, Madrid, Paris, Seville)
*[[Plaza Servicios Aéreos]] (Málaga, Santiago de Compostela)
*[[Ryanair]] (Alicante, Brussels Charleroi, London-Stansted, Milan-Orio al Serio, Rome-Ciampino)
==History==
During the [[Cold War]], the [[United States Air Force]] used the facility as Zaragoza Air Base.
The construction work on Zaragoza Airport began in September 1954 with the enlargement and improvement of the existing Spanish Air Force Base located there. [[United States Navy]] engineers upgraded the facility for temporary or intermediate use as a war standby base. The first U.S. construction project included strengthening the existing {{convert|3024|m|0|abbr=on}} runway and adding {{convert|304|m|-3|abbr=on}} overruns at each end. Work on a new concrete runway, {{convert|61|x|3718|m|-2}}, with {{convert|61|m|-2|abbr=on}} overruns at each end, began in 1956 and was completed in 1958.
Zaragoza was one of three major USAF Cold War airbases in Spain, the others being [[Torrejón Air Base]] near [[Madrid]] and [[Morón Air Base]] near [[Seville]].
===3794th Air Base Group===
The facility, known as Zaragoza Air Base, was transferred from the control of the Joint United States Military Group, Air Administration (Spain), [[Sixteenth Air Force]], to the [[United States Air Force]] [[Strategic Air Command]] on [[1 July]] [[1957]], with the facility providing operational support for SAC [[B-47 Stratojet|B-47]] alert force dispersal. Zaragoza was under SAC's 65th Air Division. Support continued for B-47 operations until [[1 July]] [[1964]], when Zaragoza AB was placed on standby status with the withdrawal of the B-47 from active service.
Zaragoza AB was further reduced to modified caretaker status on [[1 January]] [[1966]] when Sixteenth Air Force was reassigned to the [[United States Air Forces in Europe]]. USAFE assigned the 7472d Air Base Group as a caretaker organisation to the facility.
====431st Fighter-Interceptor Squadron====
Although SAC went out of the fighter business in 1957 for all intents and purposes, in 1958 it found itself assigned fighters again. The 431st Fighter-Interceptor Squadron moved from [[Wheelus Air Base]], [[Libya]], arriving at Zaragoza in September with [[F-86 Sabre|North American F-86Ds]] and an Air Defense mission.
On [[28 September]] [[1960]] the 431st transitioned to the [[F-102 Delta Dagger|Convair F-102A/TF-102B Delta Dagger]] and was transferred to the USAFE 86th Air Division (Defense) at [[Ramstein Air Base]], [[West Germany]] on [[1 July]] [[1960]]. This transfer was made in order that all USAF fighter assets in Europe could be concentrated in one command. The 431st FIS operated the F-102s until [[23 April]] [[1965]] when it transferred to the 8th TFW at [[George Air Force Base]], [[California]], transitioned to the F-4C and was redesignated the 431st Tactical Fighter Squadron.
===406th Tactical Fighter Training Wing===
[[Image:406thtftw-patch.jpg|left|100px]]
In February 1970 Project Creek Step called for the buildup of Zaragoza AB as a USAFE weapons training site, with actual use of the [[Bardenas Reales]] Air-to-Ground Bombing and Gunnery Range (about {{convert|72|km|-1|abbr=on}} northwest of the base) began in March.
With the closure of Wheelus Air Base, Zaragoza returned to active status on [[19 February]] [[1970]] with the activation of the 406th Tactical Fighter Training Group. The 406th was elevated to Wing status on [[21 July]] [[1972]].
Although the 406th had no permanently assigned aircraft, the Wing provided support to all USAFE tactical aircraft which used the Zaragoza range, as well as deployed SAC and TAC units, as well as allied NATO units.
Beginning in September 1972, the 406th also operated the USAFE Tactical Forces Employment School, and in May 1976, began operating the USAFE Instructor Pilot School. Weapons training detachments were principally F-4 aircraft, although F-111s used the wing's ranges for a short period in 1974, and U.S. Navy [[A-7 Corsair II|A-7s]] used range facilities in June 1974. During November 1976, the 406th TFTW began full maintenance support of an SAC [[KC-135 Stratotanker|KC-135]] detachment on a permanent basis.
On [[12 September]] [[1977]], another facet was added to the wing’s training operations when it conducted the first [[Dissimilar air combat training|Dissimilar Air Combat Training]] (DACT) missions with USAF and U.S. Navy aircraft.
In 1979, two significant events took place, which had an effect on the wing's operation. The first was the closing of the Instructor Pilot School in July, due to broad changes in USAFE's mission and budget restraints. The second event took place in February when the 406th began to implement the Production Oriented Maintenance Organization (POMO) concept. Headquarters USAF designed POMO to establish a maintenance management system which would enhance sortie production by improving the utilisation of maintenance personnel.
On [[1 January]] [[1980]], the support mission expanded when the 406th assumed responsibility for various functional areas in support of the four USAF tropo-scatter radar sites at Humosa, Mencora, Soller, and Inoges. The wing provided this support in cooperation with the 401st TFW assigned to Torrejón AB. Foremost among the accomplishments of the 406th TFTW during 1981 was the preparation and planning for reception of the F-16 Weapons Training Detachments which began in 1982. The 512nd TFS of the 86th TFW at Ramstein AB recorded its first F-16C fighter deployment to the Bardenas Reales Range on [[3 April]] [[1986]]. This represented the initial use of the C-model F-16 aircraft at the range since the newer F-16s were introduced to the European theatre.
On [[15 October]] [[1986]], heavy rainfall resulted in flash floods across the base causing heavy damage to facilities and base homes. As much as {{convert|15|in|mm}} of water and mud flooded into many facilities, causing nearly [[United States dollar|US$]]1 million in damage. Assigned base personnel as well as temporarily assigned weapons training detachment personnel joined in the massive clean-up effort, and fortunately no injuries occurred. In a show of strength and comradeship in overcoming obstacles, Zaragoza also earned the prestigious USAFE Base Appearance Award during that same month.
For the rest of the 1980s, the 406th continued to provide support for USAFE crew training and range training exercises. August 1990 ushered in a period of intense activity, as the 406th and Zaragoza provided major air and ground support for [[Operation Desert Shield]], conducted in response to Iraq's invasion of Kuwait. Thousands of military personnel and tons of equipment passed through Zaragoza en route to the crisis in the Middle East. The base and the wing continued to act as a major aerial port providing support during and after Operation DESERT STORM.
Subject to the same provisions requiring the removal of other units from Spain, the 406th began efforts to end its operations and return Zaragoza to the Spanish government in 1992. The use of the training range ended in December 1991, followed by the turnover of base operations to Spain in April 1992.
The 406th Tactical Fighter Training Wing was deactivated on [[1 April]] [[1994]] when USAFE ended its presence and returned control to the Spanish government.
==References==
* {{cite book |title=Century Jets: USAF Frontline Fighters of the Cold War |publisher=AIRtime |location=[[Norwalk, Connecticut|Norwalk]] |first=David |last=Donald |year=2004 |isbn=1880588684 |oclc=56456861}}
* {{cite book |title=Active Air Force Wings as of 1 October 1995; USAF Active Flying, Space, and Missile Squadrons as of 1 October 1995'' [CD-ROM] |publisher=Ft. Belvoir Defense Technical Information Center |first=Judy G |last=Endicott |coauthors=et al |month=January |year=1998 |oclc=64437959}}
* {{cite book |title=Before Centuries: USAFE Fighters, 1948-1959 |publisher=Howell Press |location=[[Charlottesville, Virginia|Charlottesville]] |first=David W |last=Menard |year=1998 |isbn=1574270796 |oclc=41412771}}
* {{cite book |title=USAF Plus Fifteen: A Photo History, 1947-1962 |publisher=Schiffer Publishing |location=[[Atglen, Pennsylvania|Atglen]] |first=David W |last=Menard |year=1993 |isbn=0887404839 |oclc=29443216}}
* {{cite book |title=Air Force Combat Wings: Lineage and Honors Histories, 1947-1977 |publisher=Office of Air Force History |location=[[Washington, D.C.|Washington, D.C]] |first=Charles A |last=Ravenstein |year=1984 |isbn=0912799129 |oclc=10207373}}
==External links==
*[http://www.aena.es/csee/Satellite?cid=1047408365822&pagename=Estandar%2FPage%2FAeropuerto&SiteName=ZAZ&c=Page Zaragoza Airport website]
*[http://www.zaragoza-airport.com/en Zaragoza-airport.com]
{{Airports in Spain}}
{{USAFE Mediterranean Bases}}
{{Strategic Air Command}}
[[Category:Airports in Aragon]]
[[Category:Closed facilities of the United States Air Force]]
[[Category:Closed military facilities of the United States in Spain]]
[[Category:Space Shuttle landing sites]]
[[an:Aeropuerto de Zaragoza]]
[[es:Aeropuerto de Zaragoza]]
[[id:Bandar Udara Zaragoza]]