Zeeland
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{{Infobox Dutch Province
|ename = Province of Zeeland
|dname = Provincie Zeeland
|common_name = Zeeland
|image_flag = Flag of Zeeland.svg
|image_coat = WapenZeeland.gif
|location_image = {{Clicksensitive map of provinces of the Netherlands|province=Zeeland}}
|capital = [[Middelburg]]
|largest_municipality = [[Terneuzen]]
|commissioner = [[Karla Peijs]]
|religion_year = 1999
|religion = [[Protestant]] 35%<br />[[Catholic]] 23%
|area_land = 1,788
|area_water = 1,146
|area_rank = 10th
|population_year = 2006
|population = 380,186
|population_rank = 11th
|density = 213
|density_rank = 10th
|anthem = [[Zeeuws volkslied]]
|ISO = ZE
|website = www.zeeland.nl
}}
'''Zeeland''' ({{pronunciation|239 Zeeland.ogg}}), also called '''Zealand''' in [[English language|English]] and [[Zeelandic]], is a province of the [[Netherlands]]. The province, located in the south-west of the country, consists of a number of [[island]]s (hence its name, meaning "[[Sealand (disambiguation)|sea-land]]") and a strip bordering [[Belgium]]. Its capital is [[Middelburg]]. Its population is about 380,000 and its area is about 2930 km², of which almost 1140 km² is water. Large parts of Zeeland are below sea level. The last great flooding of the area was in [[North Sea flood of 1953|1953]]. Tourism is an important economic activity. Its sunny beaches make it a popular holiday destination in the summer. Most tourists are Germans. In some areas, the population can be two to four times higher during high summer season. The [[coat of arms]] of Zeeland shows a [[lion]] half-emerged from water, and the text "luctor et emergo" ([[Latin]] for "I struggle and I emerge").
==Constituent parts==
From north to south, it consists of
*[[Schouwen-Duiveland]]
*[[Tholen]]
*[[Noord-Beveland]]
*[[Walcheren]], [[Zuid-Beveland]]
*[[Zeeuws-Vlaanderen]] (Zealands [[Flanders]])
===Municipalities===
{{Provinces of the Netherlands imagemap|px=250}}
[[Image:RMSDeltaSouth.jpg|thumb|250px|Satellite image of the [[Scheldt]] [[estuary]]]]
<!-- This section is linked from [[Municipalities of the Netherlands]] -->
A list of the municipalities, with links to maps:
*[[Borsele]]
*[[Goes]] [http://www.plattegronden.nl/gemeentegoes/]
*[[Hulst]]
*[[Kapelle]] [http://www.plattegronden.nl/gemeentekapelle/]
*[[Middelburg]] [http://www.plattegronden.nl/gemeentemiddelburg/]
*[[Noord-Beveland]] [http://www.plattegronden.nl/gemeentenoordbeveland/]
*[[Reimerswaal]] [http://www.plattegronden.nl/gemeentereimerswaal/]
*[[Schouwen-Duiveland]] [http://www.plattegronden.nl/schouwenduiveland/]
*[[Sluis]]
*[[Terneuzen]]
*[[Tholen]]
*[[Veere]] [http://www.plattegronden.nl/veere/]
*[[Flushing, Netherlands|Flushing]] (''Vlissingen'') [http://www.plattegronden.nl/vlissingen/]
<!--The wikitext below can be produced by
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Municipality!!Population
{{subst:Do for every Dutch municipality|Conditional table row Dutch municipality|p3n=substctrc|p3v=subst:|p2n=substctr|p2v=subst:|p1n=substp|p1v=subst:|substc=subst:|p10n=province|p10v=Zeeland}}|}
-->{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Municipality!!Population
{{Table row Dutch municipality|Borsele}}
{{Table row Dutch municipality|Goes}}
{{Table row Dutch municipality|Hulst}}
{{Table row Dutch municipality|Kapelle}}
{{Table row Dutch municipality|Middelburg}}
{{Table row Dutch municipality|Noord-Beveland}}
{{Table row Dutch municipality|Reimerswaal}}
{{Table row Dutch municipality|Schouwen-Duiveland}}
{{Table row Dutch municipality|Sluis}}
{{Table row Dutch municipality|Terneuzen}}
{{Table row Dutch municipality|Tholen}}
{{Table row Dutch municipality|Veere}}
{{Table row Dutch municipality|Vlissingen}}
|}
==Geography==
The province of Zeeland is in fact a large river delta situated at the mouth of several major rivers. Most of the province lies below [[sea level]] and was reclaimed from the sea by inhabitants over time. What used to be a muddy landscape, flooding at high tide and reappearing at low tide, became a series of small man-made hills that stayed dry at all times. The people of the province would later connect the hills by creating [[Dike (construction)|dikes]], which led to a chain of dry land that later grew into bigger islands and gave the province its current shape. The shape of the islands has changed over time at the hands of both man and nature. The [[North Sea flood of 1953]] inundated vast amounts of land that were only partially reclaimed. The subsequent construction of the [[Delta Works]] also changed the face of the province. The infrastructure, although very distinct by the amount of bridges, tunnels and dams, has not shaped the geography of the province so much as the geography of the province has shaped its infrastructure. The dams, tunnels and bridges that are currently a vital part of the province's road system were constructed over the span of decades and came to replace old [[ferry]] lines. The final touch to this process came in [[2003]] when the [[Westerschelde tunnel]] was opened. It was the first solid connection between both banks of the [[Westerschelde]] and ended the era of water separating the islands and peninsulas of Zeeland.
==History==
<br clear="right">
{{Infobox Former Country
|native_name = ''Grafschaft Zeeland'' <small>([[German language|de]])</small><br>''Graafschap Zeeland'' <small>([[Dutch language|nl]])</small>
|conventional_long_name = County of Zeeland
|common_name = Zeeland
||continent = Europe
|region = Low Countries
|country = Netherlands
|era = Middle Ages
|status = Vassal
|empire = Holy Roman Empire
|government_type = Monarchy
||year_start = 1299
|year_end = 1581
||event_start = [[Personal union]] with<br> [[County of Holland]]
|date_start = <br>[[1299]]
|event_end = [[Act of Abjuration|Foundation]] of<br> [[United Provinces]]
|date_end = <br>[[July 26]], [[1581]]
||event1 = Joined [[Burgundian Netherlands|Burgundian<br> Netherlands]]
|date_event1 = <br>[[1432]]
|event2 = [[Habsburg]] [[Seventeen Provinces|Seventeen<br> Provinces]] founded
|date_event2 = <br>[[1477]]
||p1 = County of Holland
|image_p1 = [[Image:Counts of Holland Arms.svg|20px|County of Holland]]
|p2 = County of Flanders
|image_p2 = [[Image:Blason Nord-Pas-De-Calais.svg|20px|County of Flanders]]
|s1 = Dutch Republic
|flag_s1 = Prinsenvlag.svg
||capital = Middelburg
|latd=51 |latm=34 |latNS=N |longd=3 |longm=45 |longEW=E
}}
[[Image:Nehalennia.jpg|thumb|250px|Altar for Nehalennia in Domburg, Zeeland, the Netherlands.]]
[[Nehalennia]] is a goddesss of the ancient religion known around the province of Zeeland. Her worship dates back at least to the 2nd century BCE<ref name=livius>Lendering, 2006.</ref>, and flourished in the [[2nd century|2nd]] and [[3rd century|3rd centuries]] CE.<ref name="livius" /> She was possibly a regional goddess, either [[Celts|Celtic]] or pre-[[Germanic people|Germanic]] - sources differ on the culture that first believed in her. During the [[Roman Era]], her main function appeared to be the protection of travelers, especially seagoing travelers crossing the [[North Sea]]. Most of what is known about her comes from the remains of over 160 carved stone offerings ([[votives]]) which have been dredged up from the [[Oosterschelde]] since 1970. Two more Nehalennia offering stones have also been found in [[Cologne]], [[Germany]].<ref name="livius" />
Zeeland was a contested area between the counts of [[Count of Holland|Holland]] and [[Flanders (county)|Flanders]] until [[1299]], when the count of Holland gained control of the [[countship]] of Zeeland. Since then, Zeeland followed the fate of Holland. In [[1432]] it became part of the [[Low Countries]] possessions of [[Philip the Good]] of [[Burgundy]], the later [[Seventeen Provinces]]. Through marriage, the Seventeen Provinces became property of the [[Habsburg]]s in [[1477]]. In the [[Eighty Years' War]], Zeeland was on the side of the [[Union of Utrecht]], and became one of the [[Dutch Republic|United Provinces]]. The area now called [[Zeeuws-Vlaanderen]] was not part of Zeeland, but a part of the countship of [[Flanders]] (still under Habsburg) that was conquered by the United Provinces, hence called ''Staats-Vlaanderen'' (see: [[Generality Lands]]). After the French occupation (see département [[Bouches-de-l'Escaut]]) and the formation of the United [[Kingdom of the Netherlands]] in [[1815]], the present province Zeeland was formed. The catastrophic [[North Sea Flood of 1953]], which killed over 1,800 people in Zeeland, led to the construction of the protective [[Delta Works]].
==Transportation==
There is one passenger [[railway]], [[Train routes in the Netherlands#Train routes by timetable number|line]] 12, here with municipalities and official station abbreviations:
Vlissingen (vs, vss) - Middelburg (mdb, arn) - Goes (gs) - Kapelle (bzl) - Reimerswaal (krg, kbd, rb) - connecting to [[Bergen op Zoom]] (bgn) ([[Noord-Brabant]]).
Bus connections (of [[Connexxion]], except # 395) include:
*bus 133: Vlissingen - Middelburg - [[Veere|Vrouwenpolder]] - [[Oosterscheldekering|Oosterscheldedam]] - [[Schouwen-Duiveland|Renesse]] - [[Schouwen-Duiveland|Zierikzee]] - [[Grevelingen|Grevelingendam]] - connecting to [[Oostflakkee|Oude-Tonge]], [[Rotterdam]]-Zuidplein
*[[Interliner]] Express bus 395: [[Schouwen-Duiveland|Zierikzee]] - ([[Grevelingen|Grevelingendam]]) - connecting to [[Rotterdam]]-Zuidplein
*bus 104: Renesse - [[Grevelingen|Brouwersdam]] - connecting to [[Goedereede|Ouddorp]] - [[Spijkenisse]]
*bus 20 and 50: see [[Westerschelde]].
==Zeeland in foreign names==
=== New Zealand ===
The islands of [[New Zealand]] were named by [[Dutch people|Dutch]] navigator [[Abel Tasman]] in [[1642]]. Tasman named it ''Staten Landt'', believing it to be part of the land of that name off the coast of [[Argentina]]. When that was shown not to be so Dutch authorities named it ''Nova Zeelandia'' in [[Latin]], ''Nieuw Zeeland'' in [[Dutch language|Dutch]]. The two major seafaring provinces of the [[Netherlands]] in its Golden Age were [[Holland]] and Zeeland, and originally the Dutch explorers named the largest landmass of [[Oceania]] and the two islands to the southeast respectively Nieuw Holland and Nieuw Zeeland. The former was eventually replaced by the name [[Australia]], but the name [[New Zealand]] remained in place for the latter. [[Captain James Cook]] subsequently called the [[archipelago]] ''New Zealand.''
===The Americas===
The town of [[Zeeland, Michigan|Zeeland]] in the US state of [[Michigan]] was settled in [[1847]] by Dutchman [[Jannes van de Luyster]] and was [[Municipal corporation|incorporated]] in [[1907]]. The town still maintains a distinctive Dutch flavour. [[Flushing, Queens|Flushing]], a neighborhood within the [[borough]] of [[Queens]], [[New York]], is named after the city [[Flushing, Netherlands|Flushing]] (Vlissingen in Dutch) in Zeeland. This dates from the period of the colony of [[New Netherland]], when [[New York]] was still known as [[New Amsterdam]]. The Dutch colonies of [[Nieuw Walcheren]] and [[Nieuw Vlissingen]], both on the [[Lesser Antilles|Antillian]] island of [[Tobago]], were both named after parts of Zeeland. The Canadian town of [[Zealand, New Brunswick|Zealand]], New Brunswick, was named for the Zeeland birth place of Dutchman Philip Crouse who settled in the area in [[1789]].<Ref>
{{cite web
| url = http://d120788.u25.digipark.com/zealand/index.htm
| title = Zealand, New Brunswick, Canada
| accessdate = 2008-04-01
| publisher = University Educational Series, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
}}
</Ref>
===Taiwan===
[[Fort Zeelandia (Taiwan)|Fort Zeelandia]] was a fortress built over ten years from 1624–1634 by the [[Dutch Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie]], in the town of Anping (Tainan) on the island of Formosa, present day [[Taiwan]], during their 38-year rule over the western part of it.
==References==
{{reflist|1}}
==See also==
*{{flagcountry|New Zealand}}
*[[List of cities, towns and villages in Zeeland]]
*[[Zeeland, Michigan]], USA
*[[Zeeland, North Dakota]], USA
==External links==
* [http://www.zeeland.nl/engels Provincial Government]
* [http://www.zeeland.nl/topics/portaal_zeeland_nl/index/zeeland_glance.pdf Zeeland at a glance]
* [http://www.zeelandinformatie.nl Zeeland Zakelijk Links]
* [http://www.deltawerken.com/English/10.html?setlanguage=en Deltaworks Online - Flood Protection of Zeeland and Deltaregion]
{{Provinces of the Netherlands}}
{{coor title dm|51|34|N|3|45|E|region:NL_type:adm1st}}
{{Burgundian Circle}}
[[Category:Zeeland| ]]
[[Category:Provinces of the Netherlands]]
[[Category:NUTS 2 statistical regions of the European Union]]
[[Category:Seventeen Provinces]]
[[Category:Burgundian Circle]]
[[af:Zeeland]]
[[ar:زيلند]]
[[be:Зеландыя, правінцыя Нідэрландаў]]
[[be-x-old:Зэляндыя]]
[[ca:Zelanda]]
[[cs:Zeeland]]
[[cy:Zeeland]]
[[da:Zeeland]]
[[de:Zeeland]]
[[es:Zelanda]]
[[eo:Zelando]]
[[eu:Zeeland]]
[[fr:Zélande]]
[[fy:Seelân]]
[[ga:Zeeland]]
[[gl:Celandia]]
[[ko:제일란트 주]]
[[id:Zeeland]]
[[it:Zelanda (Paesi Bassi)]]
[[la:Zelandia]]
[[lb:Provënz Zeeland]]
[[lt:Zelandijos provincija (Nyderlandai)]]
[[li:Zieland]]
[[nl:Zeeland (provincie)]]
[[nds-nl:Zeelaand]]
[[ja:ゼーラント州]]
[[no:Zeeland]]
[[nn:Zeeland]]
[[oc:Zelanda]]
[[pl:Zelandia (prowincja)]]
[[pt:Zelândia (Países Baixos)]]
[[ro:Zeelanda]]
[[ru:Зеландия (провинция)]]
[[simple:Zeeland (province)]]
[[sk:Zéland]]
[[sr:Зеланд]]
[[fi:Zeeland]]
[[sv:Zeeland]]
[[tg:Вилояти Зеландия]]
[[vo:Zeeland]]
[[vls:Zêeland]]
[[zea:Zeêland]]
[[zh:西蘭省]]