Zippo
425625
226011262
2008-07-16T12:53:33Z
82.44.35.101
/* Pop culture */
{{Infobox Company
| name = Zippo Manufacturing Company
| logo = [[Image:Zippo.png|250px]]
| type =
| genre = lighter manufacturer
| foundation = [[1932]]
| founder = [[George G. Blaisdell]]
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| location = [[Bradford, Pennsylvania]]
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| homepage = http://www.zippo.com
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}}
[[Image:Zippo_Sparking_Up.jpg|thumb|right|Zippo's famous flint-wheel Ignition at work]]
[[Image:Zippo-Slim-1968-Lit.jpg|thumb|right|A lit 1968 slim model Zippo]]
[[Image:Zippo.JPG|thumb|right|An open full-size Navy Zippo]]
[[Image:Zippo-Lighter Gold-Dust w brass-insert.jpg|thumb|Brass-based case design with matched insert coloring]]
[[Image:Zippoclosed.JPG|thumb|right|A closed black crackle Zippo]]
[[Image:Zippodismantled.jpg|thumb|right|A Zippo dismantled for fueling]]
[[Image:Zippolighterfluid.jpg|thumb|right|133ml Zippo Lighter Fluid]]A '''Zippo''' lighter is a refillable, metal [[lighter (fire starter)|lighter]] manufactured by Zippo Manufacturing Company. Thousands of different styles and designs have been made in the seven decades since their introduction. They are frequently [[collectible|collected]].
They became popular in the [[United States military]], especially during [[World War II]] — when, as the company's website says, Zippo "ceased production of lighters for consumer markets and dedicated all manufacturing to the U.S. military." <ref>[http://www.zippo.com/corporateInfo/Zippo_Manufacturing_History.aspx?article=fb7471d5-7322-46f4-881f-08d8cfa64785 The story of the Zippo Manufacturing Company] at the company's website</ref> Additionally, Zippo lighters are known for offering a lifetime guarantee: if a Zippo lighter breaks, no matter how old or how many owners it has had, the company will replace or fix the lighter for free. The only part of a Zippo lighter that carries no warranty is the finish on the outside of the outer case and lid.
Zippo lighters gained popularity as “windproof” lighters, able to stay lit in harsh weather, due to the design of the windscreen and adequate rate of fuel delivery. A consequence is that it is hard to extinguish by blowing out the flame. The proper way to extinguish the lighter is to close the top half, which starves the flame of oxygen, but, unlike other lighters, an action like this does not cut the fuel. One of the recognizable features of Zippo is the fact that it burns with a wick. Rapidly opening the top lid produces a loud and easily recognizable clicking sound for which Zippo lighters are known. This noise can be attributed to the spring-toggle lever which is primarily intended to keep the lid closed when the lighter is not in use.
Current Zippos carry a [[suggested retail price]] between US$12.95 up to US$8,912.58, depending on the rarity and materials used in the given item. In 2001, according to the fall 2003 issue of ''IUP Magazine,'' a 1933 model was purchased for $18,000 at a swap meet in Tokyo, and in 2002 the company bought one valued at $12,000 for its own collection.<ref>[http://www.iup.edu/publications/iupmag/backissues/Fall03/zippo.shtm Zippo’s Czar] (brief profile of the company's top executive, with two photographs)</ref> During the 2007 75th anniversary celebrations, Zippo sold a near mint 1933 model for $37,000.<ref>http://www.zippo.com/75years/auction/anniversaryAuctionItems.aspx#item34</ref>
==History==
George G. Blaisdell founded Zippo Manufacturing Company (located in [[Bradford, Pennsylvania|Bradford]], [[Pennsylvania]]) in 1932, and produced the first Zippo lighter in early 1933, being inspired by an Austrian cigarette lighter of similar design. It got its name because Blaisdell liked the sound of the word "[[zipper]]" and "[[zippo]]" sounded more modern. On [[March 3]] [[1936]], patent was granted for the Zippo lighter. <ref>{{US patent|2032695}}</ref>
Since 1933, over 400,000,000 Zippo lighters have been produced. After World War II, the Zippo lighter became increasingly used in advertising by companies large and small through the 1960s.<ref>{{cite journal |quotes= |last=Dininny |first=Paulette |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=1998 |month=Dec |title=Keepers of the Flame: After Big Sales in World War II and Parts in Old Movies, Zippos Are Still Around, Often as hot Collector's Items |journal=Smithsonian |volume=29 |issue=9 |pages=44 |id= |url=http://www.smithsonianmagazine.com/issues/1998/december/object_dec98.php |accessdate= |format={{dead link|date=June 2008}} – <sup>[http://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?hl=en&lr=&q=author%3ADininny+intitle%3AKeepers+of+the+Flame%3A+After+Big+Sales+in+World+War+II+and+Parts+in+Old+Movies%2C+Zippos+Are+Still+Around%2C+Often+as+hot+Collector%27s+Items&as_publication=Smithsonian&as_ylo=1998&as_yhi=1998&btnG=Search Scholar search]</sup> }} ([http://www.smithsonianmagazine.com/issues/1999/february/letters_feb99.php Letters to the editor in response])</ref> Many of the early advertising Zippo lighters are works of art painted by hand, and as technology has evolved, so has the design and finish of the Zippo lighter. The basic mechanism of the Zippo lighter has remained unchanged.
In 2002 Zippo expanded its product line to include a variety of utility-style multi-purpose lighters, known as the Zippo MPL. This was followed in 2005 with the Outdoor Utility Lighter, known as the OUL. These lighters are fuelled with [[butane]]. In August 2007 Zippo released a new [[butane]] cigarette lighter called the Zippo BLU.<ref>[http://www.zippo.com/Media/PDF/ZippoBLU_pressRelease_4_09_07.pdf] - Zippo Blu press release</ref>
A museum called Zippo/Case visitors center is located in Bradford, PA at 1932 Zippo Drive. This 15,000 square foot (1393 m²) building contains rare and custom made Zippo lighters, and also sells the entire Zippo line. The museum also contains an enormous collection of [[W. R. Case & Sons Cutlery Co.|Case]] knives. Since the Zippo company's 60th anniversary in 1992, annual editions have been produced for worldwide Zippo collectors.
From 1949 to 2002 Zippos were also produced in Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada.<ref>[http://www.zippocanada.com Zippo.ca :: Welcome to Zippo Canada<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
===Zippo dates===
From mid-1955 Zippo started year coding their lighters by the use of dots (.). From 1966 until 1973 the year code was denoted by combinations of [[Vertical bar|vertical lines]] (|). From 1974 until 1981 the coding comprised combinations of [[Slash (punctuation)|forward slashes]] (/), and from 1982 until June 1986 the coding was by [[backslash]] (\).
In July 1986, Zippo began including a lot code on all lighters showing the month and year of production. On the left of the underside was stamped a letter A–L, denoting the month (A = January, B = February, et cetera). On the right was a [[Roman numerals|Roman numeral]] which denoted the year, beginning with II in 1986. Thus a Zippo stamped H IX was made in August, 1993. However in 2000, Zippo altered this system, changing the Roman numerals to more conventional [[Arabic numerals]]. Thus a Zippo made in August 2004 was stamped H 04.
There was a myth that Zippo lighters were made by prisoners, and the number identified the prisoner, or their crime and sentence length.<ref>[http://www.zippoclick.com/media/pdf/collectorsGuide.pdf The Zippo lighter collectors' guide] - Zippo myths (page 4)</ref> Another myth was that a Zippo stamped 'H' was inferior to one stamped 'A'.<ref>[http://www.zippoclick.com/media/pdf/collectorsGuide.pdf The Zippo lighter collectors' guide] - Zippo myths (page 4)</ref>
==Construction==
The cases of Zippo lighters are typically made of metal and are rectangular-shaped with a hinged top. Inside the case are the works of the lighter: the spring-toggle lever that keeps the top closed, the wick, windscreen, thumbwheel, and [[Ferrocerium|flint]], all of which are mounted on an open-bottom metal box that is slightly smaller than the bottom of the outer case, and into which it slips snugly. The hollow part of the interior box encloses a [[rayon]] batt which is in contact with the wick. The fuel, a volatile flammable liquid commonly known as lighter fluid (usually [[naphtha]]), is poured into the batt, which traps it. It also contains a tube that holds a short, cylindrical flint. The tube has an interior spring and exterior cap-screw that keeps the flint in constant contact with the exterior thumb-wheel. Spinning this rough-surfaced wheel against flint results in a spark that ignites the fluid in the wick. The batt normally has a small hole in newer models to facilitate easier filling of lighter fluid, and is often used as a place to store extra flints.<ref>Zippo users manual</ref> All parts of the lighter are replaceable. In all there are 22 parts, and the Zippo lighter requires 108 manufacturing operations.
==The Zippo Blu==
Zippo released the Zippo Blu in 2007. It is a butane torch lighter, with many features similar to that of the original Zippo. One feature is that it still uses a flint wheel. Some differences are in case design, no internal user-serviceable parts, and it uses butane instead of naphtha.
==Pop culture==
* Since [[World War II]], Zippo customers have invented a multitude of hand-[[tricks]] that can be performed with Zippo lighters.
*A variety of Zippo lighters have been used in films such as [[Saving Private Ryan]], when the soldiers are lighting explosives, cigarettes,etc. <ref>[http://www.zippo.com/Article.aspx?contentGuid={83DB3D01-1D48-4C18-B325-B1DF10D4334A} Zippo.com] - Complete List of Hollywood Sightings</ref>
*Also in the 3rd Indiana Jones film, [[Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade]], you can see that Indiana Jones has a Windproof zippo with the lucky charm logo on the lighter.
*Original [[Pink Floyd]] singer [[Syd Barrett]] used Zippo lighters instead of slides in many songs such as "[[See Emily Play]]".
* Ex-[[Marillion]] vocalist [[Fish (singer)|Fish]]'s [[1999]] solo album is called [[Raingods with Zippos]].
*[[Zakk Wylde]], the guitarist for Black Label Society has a custom Les Paul with a design taken from a Zippo lighter.
*In [[Mega Man 2]], Heat Man can tuck into his armor. When he does this, he resembles a Zippo Lighter.
*[[Strong Bad]] uses a Zippo lighter frequently in the "Strong Bad Email" series of [[Homestar Runner]]
* There is a restaurant created by the Zippo company in Branford PA.
*In the TV series [[King of the Hill]], Cotton Hill Takes out a Zippo and spits alcohol into the flame, making it a flame-thrower to fight off asian enemies.
*Zippo lighters are featured in the film [[Reservoir Dogs]]. [[Mr. White]] uses a Zippo to light his and [[Mr. Pink]]'s cigarettes, [[Mr. Blonde]] both lights his cigarette and threatens to ignite a gasoline soaked police officer with a Zippo.
*[[Seth Gecko]] uses a Zippo to ignite a fuel-soaked roll of toilet paper in [[From Dusk Till Dawn]].
*[[Buy n Large]], a fictional company from the [[Pixar]] film [[WALL-E]], produces a lighter that is almost exactly like a Zippo. WALL-E also has a large collection of these Buy n Large Zippos.
*You can make a Zippo Lighter design with [[Tangrams]]
*[[Ban Mido]], one of the two main protagonists in the anime [[GetBackers]] frequently uses a Zippo to light a cigarette after using the jagan.
==References==
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==External links==
{{commonscat}}
*[http://www.zippo.com Official site]
*[http://www.zippocanada.com Official site (Canada)]
*[http://www.zippoblu.com Zippo Blu Website]
*[http://www.zippoclick.com/collecting/collectiblesArchive.aspx/ Zippo Collectibles]
*[http://www.zippogallery.com A Zippo Gallery]
*[http://myspace.com/zippolighters Zippo's Official MySpace page]
*[http://www.diablo944.co.uk/imposters.htm How to spot a fake Zippo]
*[http://www.lightertricks.com/ Lightertricks.com] Catalogs many Zippo hand-tricks
*[http://www.flickr.com/photos/spanishflea/68083959/ Internal cut away of a Zippo]
*[http://www.zippolighterauctions.com/Zippo-Lighter-Auctions/Japanese-Zippo-Lighter-Auctions Japanese Zippo Lighters]
*[http://www.takeitapart.net/archives/zippo-lighter/ Zippo Disassembly Photos]
[[Category:Firelighting]]
[[Category:Goods manufactured in the United States]]
[[Category:Cigarette lighter brands]]
[[Category:Industrial design examples]]
[[Category:Genericized trademarks]]
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