Zugunruhe
2584881
221262960
2008-06-23T19:35:29Z
DOI bot
6652755
Citation maintenance. You can [[WP:DOI|use this bot]] yourself! Please [[User:DOI_bot/bugs|report any bugs]].
In [[ethology]], '''zugunruhe''' is [[anxious]] [[behavior]] in migratory [[animal]]s, especially in [[bird]]s. When these animals are enclosed, such as in an Emlen funnel, zugunruhe serves to study the seasonal cycles of the [[bird migration|migratory syndrome]]. Zugunruhe involves increased activity towards and after dusk with changes in the normal sleep pattern. Behaviourists have been able to study the [[endocrine]] controls and [[navigation]]al mechanisms associated with migration from studying zugunruhe.<ref name=helm>{{cite journal|last=Helm|first=B.|coauthors=Gwinner, E.|year=2006|title=Migratory Restlessness in an Equatorial Nonmigratory Bird.|journal=PLoS Biol.|volume=4|issue=4|pages=e110|doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.0040110}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Pott|first=Jaime |year=1998|title=Arrival Time from Spring Migration in Male Pied Flycatchers: Individual Consistency and Familial Resemblance.|journal=The Condor|volume=100|issue=4|pages=702–708|doi=10.2307/1369752|url=http://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Condor/files/issues/v100n04/p0702-p0708.pdf}}</ref>
This term is [[German language|German]] in origin and is a [[compound word|compound]] of ''Zug'' (move, migration) and ''Unruhe'' (anxiety, restlessness).
Adrenocortical hormones are known to act in concert with [[prolactin]] in stimulating this behavior in [[White-crowned Sparrow]]s.{{Fact|date=November 2007}}
The phenomenon of Zugunruhe is generally believed to be found only in migratory species, however study of resident species shows low-level Zugunruhe, including the oriented activity, suggesting that the endogenous mechanisms for migratory behaviour may be present even in resident species.<ref name=helm/> Further suggestions for endogenous programs are provided by observations that the number of nights on which Zugunruhe is exhibited by caged migrants appears related to the distance of migration involved.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Gwinner|first=Eberhard|year=1977|journal=Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst.|title=Circannual rhythms in bird migration.|volume=8|pages=381–405|doi=10.1146/annurev.es.08.110177.002121}}</ref>
==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Bird terminology]]
[[Category:Ethology]]
[[Category:German loanwords]]
[[de:Zugunruhe]]
[[es:Zugunruhe]]
[[fr:Zugunruhe]]
[[it:Zugunruhe]]