Zygomatic bone
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223978853
2008-07-06T20:11:27Z
78.0.66.112
/* Beauty */
{{Expand|date=January 2007}}
{{Infobox Bone |
Name = Zygomatic bone |
Latin = os zygomaticum, zygoma |
GraySubject = 40 |
GrayPage = 164 |
Image = Gray164.png |
Caption = Left zygomatic bone ''in situ.'' |
Image2 = Gray995.png |
Caption2 = Side view of the teeth and jaws. (Zygomatic visible in center.) |
Origins = |
Insertions = |
Articulations = |
MeshName = |
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DorlandsPre = |
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}}
The '''zygomatic bone''' came from the latin tearm zyosislymore meaning malar bone ('''malar bone''') is a paired bone of the human [[skull]]. It articulates with the [[maxilla]], the [[temporal bone]], the [[sphenoid bone]] and the [[frontal bone]]. The zygomatic is [[homologous]] to the [[jugal]] bone of other [[tetrapods]]. It forms part of the [[Orbit (anatomy)|orbit]] and is commonly referred to as the '''cheekbone'''. It is situated at the upper and lateral part of the face: it forms the prominence of the cheek, part of the lateral wall and floor of the orbit, and parts of the temporal and infratemporal fossae [Fig. 1]. It presents a malar and a temporal surface; four [[Process (anatomy)|processes]], the frontosphenoidal, orbital, maxillary, and temporal; and four borders.
== Surfaces ==
The ''malar surface'' is convex and perforated near its center by a small aperture, the [[zygomaticofacial foramen]], for the passage of the zygomaticofacial nerve and vessels; below this foramen is a slight elevation, which gives origin to the [[Zygomaticus]].
The ''temporal surface'', directed posteriorly and medially, is concave, presenting medially a rough, triangular area, for articulation with the maxilla (articular surface), and laterally a smooth, concave surface, the upper part of which forms the anterior boundary of the temporal fossa, the lower a part of the [[infratemporal fossa]]. Near the center of this surface is the [[zygomaticotemporal foramen]] for the transmission of the [[zygomaticotemporal nerve]].
==Process==
{{Main|Zygomatic process}}
The zygomatic process is a protrusion from the rest of the skull, like the bumper of a car. Most of it belongs to the zygomatic bone, but there are other bones contributing to it too, namely the frontal bone, maxilla and temporal bone.
== Borders ==
The ''antero-superior'' or ''orbital'' border is smooth, concave, and forms a considerable part of the circumference of the orbit.
The ''antero-inferior'' or ''maxillary'' border is rough, and bevelled at the expense of its inner table, to articulate with the maxilla; near the orbital margin it gives origin to the [[Quadratus labii superioris]].
The ''postero-superior'' or ''temporal'' border, curved like an italic letter ''f,'' is continuous above with the commencement of the temporal line, and below with the upper border of the [[zygomatic arch]]; the temporal fascia is attached to it.
The ''postero-inferior'' or ''zygomatic border'' affords attachment by its rough edge to the [[Masseter]].
==Ossification==
The zygomatic bone is generally described as [[Ossification|ossifying]] from three centers - one for the malar and two for the orbital portion; these appear about the eighth week and fuse about the fifth month of fetal life.
Mall describes it as being ossified from one center which appears just beneath and to the lateral side of the orbit.
After birth, the bone is sometimes divided by a horizontal suture into an upper larger, and a lower smaller division.
In some [[quadrumana]] the zygomatic bone consists of two parts, an orbital and a malar.
== Articulations ==
The zygomatic articulates with ''four'' bones: the frontal, sphenoidal, temporal, and maxilla.
==Additional illustrations==
<gallery>
Image:Orbital_bones.png|The seven bones which articulate to form the orbit.
Image:Illu facial bones.jpg|Facial bones.
Image:Gray165.png|Left zygomatic bone. Malar surface.
Image:Gray166.png|Left zygomatic bone. Temporal surface.
Image:Gray167.png|Articulation of left palatine bone with maxilla.
Image:Gray188.png|Side view of the skull.
Image:Gray189.png|Left infratemporal fossa.
Image:Gray190.png|The skull from the front.
Image:Gray191.png|Horizontal section of nasal and orbital cavities.
Image:Gray379.png|Left orbicularis oculi, seen from behind.
Image:Gray777.png|Nerves of the orbit, and the ciliary ganglion. Side view.
</gallery>
== Beauty ==
High cheek bones are seen as a sign of beauty in many cultures and are a characteristic of many high fashion [[Model (person)|models]].
== See also ==
*[[Bone#Terminology|Bone terminology]]
*[[Terms for anatomical location]]
==External links==
* {{RocheLexicon|34256.000-1}}
{{Gray's}}
{{OrbitalBones}}
{{Facial bones}}
[[Category:Skeletal system]]
[[Category:Skull]]
[[ar:عظم وجني]]
[[cs:Kost lícní]]
[[de:Jochbein]]
[[et:Sarnaluu]]
[[es:Hueso cigomático]]
[[eo:Zigomo]]
[[eu:Masail]]
[[fr:Os zygomatique]]
[[fy:Jokbonke]]
[[io:Zigomato]]
[[it:Osso zigomatico]]
[[la:Os zygomaticum]]
[[lv:Vaiga kauls]]
[[lt:Skruostakaulis]]
[[nl:Jukbeen]]
[[ja:頬骨]]
[[pl:Kość jarzmowa]]
[[pt:Osso zigomático]]
[[sk:Jarmová kosť]]
[[sl:Ličnica]]
[[sr:Јабучна кост]]
[[sv:Okben]]
[[uk:Вилична кістка]]
[[zh:颧骨]]