Anorexigène
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20334327
2007-09-03T02:28:14Z
Louperibot
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robot Ajoute: [[bs:Anoreksici]]
Les '''anorexigènes''' (du [[grec ancien|grec]] ''an''- = "non" et ''oreg''- = "éteindre, toucher") ou '''coupe-faim''' ou '''suppresseurs de l'appétit''' sont un groupe de [[médicament]]s qui diminuent l'[[appétit]]. La plupart d'entre eux appartiennent à la famille des [[amphétamines]]. La plupart d'entre eux sont des substances réglementées apparentées aux [[stupéfiant]]s. La plupart d'entre eux sont interdits dans de nombreux pays.
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Used on a short term basis clinically to treat [[obesity]], some appetite suppressants are also available [[over the counter]]. [[Drugs]] of this class are frequently [[stimulant]]s of the [[phenethylamine]] family, related to [[amphetamine]] (''speed''). Amphatemines were widely issued to [[United Kingdom|British]] soldiers during the [[First World War]] in order to suppress their appetites and thus ease the strain on the over-stretched [[logistic]]s network. The [[Germany|German]] military experimented with a similar system in [[1945]], when food supplies were very short in Germany. Following the [[Second World War]], amphetamines were re-directed for use on the civilian market. Indeed, [[amphetamine]] itself was sold commercially as an appetite suppressant until it was outlawed in most parts of the world in the late [[1950]]s due to increasing exploitation of its [[stimulant]] properties ("abuse"). Many [[amphetamine]]s produce side effects including [[addiction]], [[tachycardia]] and [[hypertension]], making prolonged unsupervised use dangerous.
[[Epidemic]]s of fatal [[pulmonary hypertension]] and heart valve damage associated with anorectic agents have led to the withdrawal of products from the market. This was the case with [[aminorex]] in the [[1960s]], and again in the [[1990s]] with [[fenfluramine]] (''see:'' [[Fen-phen]]). Likewise, association of the related appetite suppressant [[phenylpropanolamine]] with hemorrhagic [[stroke]] led the [[FDA]] to request its withdrawal from the market in the [[United States]] in [[2000]], and similar concerns regarding [[ephedrine]] resulted in an [[FDA]] ban on its inclusion in dietary supplements, in [[2004]].
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==Exemples==
* L'[[amphétamine]] proprement dite (substance réglementée apparentée aux stupéfiants).
* Les sels du [[diéthylpropion]] ([[amfépramone]]) ([[Belgique]] : substances réglementées apparentées aux stupéfiants, retirés du marché).
* La [[fenfluramine]] et la [[dexfenfluramine]] ([[Belgique]] : substances réglementées apparentées aux stupéfiants, retirés du marché).
* La [[phentermine]] ([[Belgique]] : substance réglementée apparentée aux stupéfiants, retirée du marché).
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* [[phendimetrazine]] (Prelu-2®)
* [[benzphetamine]] (Didrex®)
* [[Cannabinoids|cannabinoid]] [[receptor]] [[receptor_antagonist|antagonist]] [[Rimonabant]] (Acomplia®) will be available in 2006
* [[Oxyntomodulin]]
and others
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* La [[sibutramine]] est une addition récente, utilisée avec l'[[orlistat]] pour le contrôle de l'obésité.
==Références==
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* Abenhaim L, Moride Y, Brenot F, Rich S, Benichou J, Kurz X, Higenbottam T, Oakley C, Wouters E, Aubier M, Simonneau G, Begaud B. ''Appetite-Suppressant Drugs and the Risk of Primary Pulmonary Hypertension''. [[N Engl J Med]] 1996;335:609. [http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/full/335/9/609 Fulltext]. PMID 8692238.
* Fishman AP. ''Aminorex to Fen/Phen: An Epidemic Foretold''. Circulation 1999;99:156. [http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/99/1/156 Fulltext]. PMID 9884392.
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==Lien externe==
* {{en}} [http://healthlink.mcw.edu/article/933126929.html Questions and Answers about appetite suppressant medication treatment from the Medical College of Wisconsin]
{{Portail médecine}}
[[Catégorie:Anorexigène|*]]
[[Catégorie:Médicament retiré du marché]]
[[bs:Anoreksici]]
[[de:Anorektikum]]
[[en:Anorectic]]
[[hr:Anoreksici]]