Azathioprine
261404
27483721
2008-03-17T14:15:31Z
DorganBot
190865
robot Ajoute: [[hu:Azatioprin]]
[[Image:Azathioprine-structure.png|200px|right|formule de structure de l'azathioprine]]
L''''azathioprine''' (''6-(1-méthyl-4-nitro-5-imidazolyl)-mercapto[[purine]]'') est un [[médicament]] [[chimiothérapie|chimiothérapeutique]], qui a perdu de l'intérêt en chimiothérapie mais en a gagné comme [[immunosuppression|immunosuppresseur]] en cas de [[transplantation d'organe]] et de [[maladie autoimmune]] telle l'[[arthrite rhumatoïde]] et les colites inflammatoires comme la [[maladie de Crohn]] et la [[colite ulcéreuse]] (recto-colite hémorragique). Dans le corps, elle est convertie en [[6-mercaptopurine]].
<!--Azathioprine was first introduced into clinical practice by Sir [[Roy Calne]], the British pioneer in transplantation. Following the work done by Sir [[Peter Medawar]] in discovering the immunological basis of [[Transplant_rejection|rejection]] of transplanted tissues and organs, Calne introduced 6-mercaptopurine as an experimental immunosuppressant for kidney transplants. When azathioprine was discovered, he then introduced it as a less toxic replacement for 6-mercaptopurine. For many years, dual therapy with azathioprine and steroids was the standard anti-rejection regime, until [[cyclosporine]] was introduced into clinical practice (also by Calne) in 1978.
Azathioprine acts to inhibit purine synthesis necessary for the proliferation of cells, especially [[leukocytes]] and [[lymphocytes]]. It is a safe and effective drug used alone in certain autoimmune diseases, or in combination with other immunosuppressants in organ transplantation. Its most severe side effect is [[bone marrow suppression]], and it should not be given in conjunction with purine analogues such as [[allopurinol]]. Konstantopoulou ''et al'' (2005) warn that determining activity of erythrocyte [[thiopurine methyltransferase]] is important in preventing bone marrow toxicity..-->
Le [[mycophénolate mofétil]] (Cellcept) est de plus en plus utilisé au lieu de l'azathioprine en cas de transplantation d'organe, mais l'azathioprine y joue encore un rôle majeur.
==Référence==
{{médicament2 |
nom générique=Azathioprine
|noms commerciaux=<li>Azarek® 25/50 (Suisse), <li>Azathioprine Bexal® (Belgique), <li>Azathioprine Merck® (France), <li>Imuran® (Belgique), <li>Imurek® (Suisse), <li>Imurel® (France), <li>Merck-Azathioprine (Belgique)</li> |classe=[[Immunosuppresseur]]
|autres informations='''Sous classe :
}}
* {{en}} Konstantopoulou M, Belgi A, Griffiths KD, Seale JR, Macfarlane AW. ''Azathioprine-induced pancytopenia in a patient with pompholyx and deficiency of erythrocyte thiopurine methyltransferase.'' [[British Medical Journal|BMJ]] 2005;330:350-1. PMID 15705694.
{{Agents chimiothérapeutiques}}
{{Portail médecine}}
[[Catégorie:Immunosuppresseur]]
[[Catégorie:agent chimiothérapeutique]]
[[Catégorie:Purine]]
[[de:Azathioprin]]
[[en:Azathioprine]]
[[es:Azatioprina]]
[[fi:Atsatiopriini]]
[[hu:Azatioprin]]
[[ja:アザチオプリン]]
[[nl:Azathioprine]]
[[pl:Azatiopryna]]
[[ru:Азатиоприн]]