Cebu 353053 30654224 2008-06-15T08:01:56Z AlleborgoBot 225632 robot Modifie: [[it:Provincia di Cebu]] {{ébauche|Philippines}} {{Infobox subdivision | nom=Cebu | drapeau=[[Image:Ph seal cebu.png|125px|Sceau de Cebu]] | type=[[Province]] | carte=[[Image:Ph locator map cebu.png|250px|Localisation de la province de Cebu (en rouge) dans les Philippines.]] | légende=Localisation de la province de Cebu (en rouge) dans les Philippines. | pays={{Philippines}} | titre subdivision mère=[[Région]] | nom subdivision mère=[[Visayas centrales]] (région VII) | titre capitale=[[Capitale]] | nom capitale=[[Cebu (ville)|Cebu]] | superficie=5088.4 | population=3848919 | date population=2007 }} '''Cebu''' est une [[île]] et une [[province des Philippines]], située dans la région centrale des [[Visayas]] entre [[Negros]] et [[Leyte]]. ==Géographie== Cebu est une île étroite, densément peuplée (les Cebuanos), s'étendant sur près de 200 kilomètres du nord au sud et sur une quarantaine de kilomètres d'est en ouest dans sa plus grande largeur. Elle est traversée, dans le sens de la longueur, par une épine dorsale montagneuse culminant à 1108 mètres au mont [[Cabalasan]]. Son climat est tropical. Elle est entourée par 167 îles plus petites dont celles de Mactan, Bantayan, Daanbantayan. Cebu est l'une des provinces les plus développées du pays. La ville principale, centre administratif et deuxième zone portuaire des Philippines, est Cebu City comptant près de 700.000 habitants. Cebu City, en incluant les villes adjacentes de Mandaue et de Lapu-Lapu (Mactan), constitue le deuxième ensemble urbain du pays après celui de la capitale Manille. L'aéroport international de Mactan-Cebu est situé sur l'île de Mactan à une trentaine de minutes du centre ville de Cebu. Cebu-Mandaue sont reliées à Mactan par deux ponts ouverts à la circulation routière et franchissant le bras de mer séparant les îles de Mactan et de Cebu. ==Histoire== La région fut découverte, pour le compte de l'Espagne, par le Portugais [[Fernand de Magellan|Magellan]] en [[1521]]. C'est sur l'[[île de Mactan]] que Magellan fut tué le 27 avril de la même année. == Jumelages == <!--A compléter--> * {{Jumelage|Seattle|États-Unis|the United States}} * {{Jumelage|Kaohsiung|Taiwan|the Republic of China}} <!--'''Cebu''' is an island [[Provinces of the Philippines|province]] of the [[Philippines]] located in the [[Central Visayas]] [[Regions of the Philippines|region]]. Its capital is [[Cebu City]]. Cebu is a long narrow island that stretches 225 km. from north to south and is surrounded by 167 neighboring small islands, including [[Mactan Island]], [[Bantayan]], [[Daanbantayan]], the [[Camotes Group]], etc. Cebu is one of the most developed provinces in the country. The metropolitan area of Cebu City (which includes [[Mandaue City]] and [[Lapu-Lapu City]]) is second only to [[Metro Manila]] in population in the country. Cebu lies to the east of [[Negros|Negros Island]]; to the east is [[Leyte (island)|Leyte]] and to the southeast is [[Bohol]] province. It is flanked on both sides by the straits of Cebu and Tañon (between Cebu and Bohol). Cebu is served by [[Mactan-Cebu International Airport]], which is located in [[Lapu-Lapu City]], some thirty minutes drive from downtown [[Cebu City]].--> ==Habitants et culture== <!--The people of Cebu are called '''Cebuanos''' and are of indigenous [[Malayan]], [[Negrito]], [[Spanish people|Spanish]], [[Mexico|Mexican]] and [[Han Chinese|Chinese]] ancestries. Cebu is also home to a number of Spanish and ethnic Chinese communities who play an important [[economic]] and [[marketing]] role in the Cebuano society. [[Visayan]] - [[Cebuano]] culture is laid back and easy going; the people are friendly and have preserved strong Spanish-oriented traditions in its cultural life to this very day. --> ===Langue maternelle=== <!--Linguistically, '''Cebu''' is home to the country's second largest native group. [[Cebuano language|Cebuano]] was originally spoken only in the island of '''Cebu'''. However, it is now being spoken in many parts of [[Mindanao]], the eastern part of [[Negros]] Island, the western and southern parts of [[Leyte (island)|Leyte]], [[Bohol]], and in [[Samar]]. The term ''Visayan'' came from an ancient Malay kingdom, called the [[Srivijaya|Sri Vishayan Empire]] which ruled some parts of the Philippines in the [[14th century]] before the Spanish conquest in the 16th century.--> Ils parlent le cebuano, dialecte local. On y reconnait quelques mots espagnol et anglais. ===Religion=== Le saint patron de Cebu est le [[Santo Niño de Cebu]], qui est l'image de l'Enfant Jésus. Cette image est tenue dans la plus vieille église du pays, la [[Basilique Mineure de Santo Niño]]. D'après les récits historiques, [[Ferdinand Magellan]] donna le Santo Niño à la femme du chef, [[Rajah Humabon]], en cadeau pour célébrer leur alliance. Ce geste est dépeint dans le plus grand et plus populaire événement de Cebu, le [[Sinulog]], où des danses dans la rues sont précédées d'une sainte messe. Faisant auparavant partie de l'[[archidiocèse de Manille]], Cebu fut plus tard érigé en diocèse distinct, indépendant de l'archidiocèse manillais. Il a plusieurs églises, dont la basilique, la cathédrale, l'église San Carlos, l'église paroissiale du Saint-Rosaire, l'église de Saint-Joseph et des Récollets, l'église du [[Sacré-Cœur]] de Jésus, etc. ainsi que plusieurs églises non catholiques. La majorité de la population de Cebú est catholique, comme dans la plupart des provinces philippines, avec l'exception possible du [[Mindanao]], même s'il y a des communautés musulmanes florissantes venues du Mindanao. D'autres minorités religieuses incluent une [[Églises du Christ internationales|Église du Christ internationale]], les [[Témoins de Jéhovah]], l'[[Église universelle du royaume de Dieu]], l'Association des missionnaires bénévoles phillipins, l'[[Mormons|Église de Jésus-Christ des Saints des Derniers Jours (mormons)]], etc. ===Population=== <!--In the [http://www.census.gov.ph/data/pressrelease/2002/pr02150tx.html 2000 Census of Population and Housing] (Census 2000), [[Cebu City]] recorded a total population of 718,821 persons, 56,522 more compared to the 1995 Census of Population (POPCEN) results. Cebu City has one of the country's highest annual population growth rate, recording at 1.77 percent for the years 1995 to 2000. At the national level, the city shared 0.94 percent to the total population of 76.5 million as recorded in the Census 2000.--> ==Économie== Cebu posséde un aéroport (''Aéroport international de Mactan-Cebu'', [[Liste des codes AITA des aéroports/C#CE|code AITA]] : [[CEB]]). <!--Cebu's economy is a hodgepodge of industries and commercial ventures. Recently, due to its burgeoning furniture-making industry, Cebu has been hailed as the furniture capital of the [[Philippines]]. The [[Department of Trade and Industry]] in Cebu is aiming to develop this aspect of Cebu economy by specifically targeting small to medium enterprises or SMEs whose products are considered export-quality. Cebu itself does not have a rich source of raw materials for furniture-making due to denudation of the forests, however, several the manufacturers are able to procure their materials from other islands and from imports as well. Cebu has two major economic zones located in Mactan - the Mactan Export Processing Zone I and II (MEPZ I & MEPZ II). Besides furniture-making, Cebu is also fast becoming the IT capital of Southern Philippines. Many companies, either local or outsourced, are establishing their headquarters in Cebu. The city has become a site for various U.S. call centers and BPOs. The [[Cebu Chamber of Commerce and Industry]], an organization comprised of Cebu's businesses, are hedging the city's growth and economy on information and communications technology, with the aim of making it a premier ICT investment, software, and e-services hub in [[Southeast Asia]].--> ==Géographie== Cebu est située entre 9°25'N et 11°15'N de latitude et entre 123°13'E et 124°5'E de longitude au centre de l'archipel des Philippines. Elle est à 365 miles au sud de [[Manille]]. ===Politique=== <!--Cebu is subdivided into 47 [[Philippine municipality|municipalities]] and 6 [[Cities of the Philippines|cities]].--> ====Villes==== <!--*[[Cebu City]] *[[Danao City]] *[[Lapu-Lapu City]] *[[Mandaue City]] *[[Talisay City, Cebu|Talisay City]] *[[Toledo City]]--> ====Municipalités==== <!-- {| border="0" |----- | valign="top" | *[[Alcantara (Cebu)|]] *[[Alcoy, Cebu|Alcoy]] *[[Alegria, Cebu|Alegría]] *[[Aloguinsan, Cebu|Aloguinsan]] *[[Argao, Cebu|Argao]] *[[Asturias, Cebu|Asturias]] *[[Badian, Cebu|Badian]] *[[Balamban, Cebu|Balamban]] *[[Bantayan, Cebu|Bantayan]] *[[Barili, Cebu|Barili]] *[[Bogo, Cebu|Bogo]] *[[Boljoon, Cebu|Boljoon]] *[[Borbon, Cebu|Borbon]] *[[Carcar, Cebu|Carcar]] *[[Carmen, Cebu|Carmen]] *[[Catmon, Cebu|Catmon]] *[[Compostela, Cebu|Compostela]] *[[Consolacion, Cebu|Consolación]] *[[Cordova, Cebu|Cordova]] *[[Daanbantayan, Cebu|Daanbantayan]] *[[Dalaguete, Cebu|Dalaguete]] *[[Dumanjug, Cebu|Dumanjug]] *[[Ginatilan, Cebu|Ginatilan]] *[[Liloan, Cebu|Liloan]] | valign="top" | *[[Madridejos, Cebu|Madridejos]] *[[Malabuyoc, Cebu|Malabuyoc]] *[[Medellin, Cebu|Medellin]] *[[Minglanilla, Cebu|Minglanilla]] *[[Moalboal, Cebu|Moalboal]] *[[Naga, Cebu|Naga]] *[[Oslob, Cebu|Oslob]] *[[Pilar, Cebu|Pilar]] *[[Pinamungahan, Cebu|Pinamungahan]] *[[Poro, Cebu|Poro]] *[[Ronda, Cebu|Ronda]] *[[Samboan, Cebu|Samboan]] *[[San Fernando, Cebu|San Fernando]] *[[San Francisco, Cebu|San Francisco]] *[[San Remigio, Cebu|San Remigio]] *[[Santa Fe, Cebu|Santa Fe]] *[[Santander, Cebu|Santander]] *[[Sibonga, Cebu|Sibonga]] *[[Sogod, Cebu|Sogod]] *[[Tabogon, Cebu|Tabogon]] *[[Tabuelan, Cebu|Tabuelan]] *[[Tuburan, Cebu|Tuburan]] *[[Tudela, Cebu|Tudela]] |} --> ===Physique=== <!--The main island of Cebu is a long, narrow slither of land flanked on both sides by [[Tañon Strait]] and the [[Strait of Cebu]]. To its southeastern tip is a small body of land that is Mactan Island. Cebu is comprised of hundreds of small islands, some of which are uninhabited which make them the targets of adventure-seeking tourists. Cebu is known for its narrow coastlines, limestone plateaus, and coastal plains, all characteristics of a typical tropical island. However, Cebu also has predominant rolling hills and rugged mountain ranges traversing the northern and southern lengths of the island. Cebu's steep mountains reach over 1,000 meters but there is actually a substantial lack of adequate forest cover. Flat tracts of land can be found in towns of [[Bogo]], [[San Remigio, Cebu]], [[Medellin]], and [[Daan Bantayan]] at the northern tip of the province.--> ==Histoire== <!--Before the arrival of the [[Spaniards]], Cebu, then known as Zubu (or ''Sugbo'' in Visayan), was a thriving fishing village and a busy trading post, with trade routes to [[China]], [[Siam]], [[Arabia]] as well as the nearby [[Malaysia|Malay]] islands.--> ===L'expédition de Magellan === <!--On [[April 7]], [[1521]], the Portuguese navigator [[Ferdinand Magellan]] landed on Cebu island. He was on expedition under the command of the Spanish king and his goal was to search for the fabled island of [[Moluccas]] and to see about expanding the Spanish territories to the Orient. Magellan persuaded the Chief of Cebu, [[Rajah Humabon]] to swear [[oath]] and [[allegiance]] to the Spanish [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor |King Charles V]] . Accompanied by Spanish Dominican friars, the expedition was responsible for the first wave of [[Christianity]] in the Philippines. On [[April 14]], Magellan erected a large wooden cross on the shores of Cebu where the first Holy Mass in the Philippines was also held. Afterwards, some 400 native Cebuanos were baptized, along with Rajah Humabon and his wife who took the Christian names Carlos and Juana, respectively to honor the Spanish King. The Santo Niño was also presented to the queen as a symbol of peace between the Spaniards and the natives. Encouraged by his success in Cebu, Magellan later crossed the channel to the nearby island of Mactan which was under the rule of Muslim Datu [[Lapu-Lapu]]. On [[April 27]], the historic [[Battle of Mactan]] occurred where Magellan was killed and his men were driven off the island by the natives. According to historian and chronicler, [[Antonio Pigafetta]], Magellan's body was never recovered despite efforts to trade for it with spice and jewels. Magellan's second-in-command, [[Sebastian del Cano]] took his place and sailed the remainder of the fleet to Spain, taking a route different from the eastern route as opposed to the western route which they took when they first arrived. In so doing, the fleet became the first to "circumnavigate the world."--> ===La conquête espagnole=== <!--Survivors of the Magellan Expedition brought tales of a savage island in the Orient with them when they returned to Spain. Consequently, several follow-up expeditions were sent but all ended in failure. Forty-four years after Magellan first set foot in Cebu, in [[1565]], [[conquistador]] [[Miguel López de Legazpi]] and his 400 armed soldiers together with several [[Augustinian]] and [[Franciscan]] friars arrived and declared that the Spanish crown succeeded in colonizing the islands. Legazpi and his men then marched through Zugbo and bombarded the palisades of chieftain [[Rajah Tupas]] and destroyed the village. He later rebuilt it and called it ''Villa del Santisimo Nombre de Jesús'' (Village of the Most Holy Name of Jesus). Thus, in [[1569]], it became the first Spanish settlement established by the [[Spanish Cortes]] in the Philippines. On [[August 14]][[1571]], '''Cebu''' (''Villa del Santisimo Nombre de Jesús'') was detached from the Catholic diocese of Manila and became a diocese of its own. When Legazpi departed for Manila in 1571, he did not abandon Cebu. Instead, he employed a state governor to look after it and left half of his men in Cebu. Three centuries later, in [[June 12]], [[1898]] marked the end of the Spanish era and the onset of the American regime. In [[1901]], Cebu became a municipality and on [[February 24]], [[1937]] became a chartered city.--> === Seconde guerre mondiale=== <!--Cebu, being the most densely populated island in the country, served as a vital [[Japan|Japanese]] base during the Japanese occupation in [[World War II]] which began with the landing of the [[Japanese Imperial Army]] on [[April]] [[1942]]. Three years later on [[March]] [[1945]], an American force landed and liberated the city from the Japanese.--> == À voir== <!-- * [[Magellan's Cross]] * [[Fort San Pedro]] * [[Basilica Minore del Santo Niño]] * [[Magellan shrine]] * [[Lapu Lapu shrine]] * [[Capitol Building]] * [[Marcelo Fernan Bridge]] --> ==Liens externes== *[http://www.cebu.gov.ph Official Website of the Provincial Government of Cebu] *[http://www.cebucity.gov.ph Official Website of the City Government of Cebu City] *[http://www.sunstar.com.ph/cebu/ Sun.Star Cebu Online] *[http://thefreeman.com The Freeman News] *[http://www.wayblima.com/ Cebu Portal and Visitors Guide] *[http://www.dazzlingcebu.com Dazzling Cebu - What it is now] {{Provinces des Philippines}} {{Portail|Philippines|maritime}} [[Catégorie:Province des Philippines]] [[Catégorie:Ville des Philippines]] [[Catégorie:Île des Philippines]] [[Catégorie:Mégapole]] [[Catégorie:Île de la mer de Sulu]] {{Link FA|ceb}} [[bcl:Cebu]] [[ceb:Sugbo]] [[de:Cebu]] [[en:Cebu]] [[es:Provincia de Cebú]] [[fi:Cebu]] [[ia:Cebú]] [[ilo:Cebu]] [[it:Provincia di Cebu]] [[ja:セブ州]] [[la:Cebu]] [[mk:Кебу]] [[ms:Cebu]] [[nl:Cebu (provincie)]] [[no:Cebu]] [[pam:Cebu]] [[pl:Cebu (prowincja)]] [[pt:Cebu]] [[sv:Cebu]] [[tl:Cebu (lalawigan)]] [[vi:Tỉnh Cebu]] [[war:Sugbo]] [[zh:宿霧省]]