Cluster of differentiation 452285 29397822 2008-05-09T07:31:33Z JAnDbot 127921 robot Ajoute: [[pt:Grupamento de diferenciação]] '''Cluster of differentiation''' ('''CD''') est le nom anglais de molécules qui sont des marqueurs des surfaces cellulaires, tels que les reconnaissent des jeux spécifiques d'[[anticorps]] utilisés pour identifier le type de cellule, l'étape de [[différenciation cellulaire|différenciation]] et l'activité d'une cellule. ==Nomenclature== La '''nomenclature CD''' a été proposée et établie par le 1{{er}} groupe de travail et conférence internationale sur les Human Leukocyte Differentiation Antigens (HLDA)(antigènes de différenciation des leucocytes humains), en réunion à [[Paris]] en [[1982]]. Ce système cherchait à classifier de nombreux [[anticorps monoclonal|anticorps monoclonaux]] (mAbs), produits par différents laboratoires du monde entier, vis-à-vis de divers [[antigène]]s de moléculess de surface de [[leucocyte]]s. Depuis lors, l'usage s'est étandu à divers autres types de cellules, et plus de 250 clusters CD et sous-clusters ont été identifiés. Les groupes de travail HLDA assignent chaque CD sur base de la même réactivité à un antigène humain sur au moins deux mAbs; l'indicateur provisoire "w" (comme dans "CDw186") est parfois donné à un cluster médiocrement caractérisé ou n'étant représenté que par un seul mAb. ==Utilisations== <!-- CD molecules are often referred to when sorting cells by [[flow cytometry]]. A '+' or a '–' symbol is used to indicate if a certain fraction of cells possesses or lacks a CD molecule, e.g. "CD34+, CD31–" = expressing CD34, but not CD31. The most commonly referred to CD molecules are CD4 and CD8, which are markers for two different sub-types of [[T cell|T-lymphocytes]], for the most part ([[Dendritic cell]]s also express CD8). The relative abundance of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells is often used to monitor the progression of an [[HIV]] infection. CD molecules are ''not merely markers on the cell surface''. Not every CD molecule has been thoroughly characterised, but most of them bring important features to the cells that carry them. --> ==Quelques exemples importants== * [[CD1]] = une molécule de [[complexe majeur d'histocompatibilité]] qui présente des molécules de lipides. * [[CD2]] = un protéine transmembranaire trouvée dans les thymocytes, les cellules T, et certaines cellules NK (natural killer) qui agit comme ligand pour CD58 et CD59 et est impliqué dans la transduction de signal et l'adhérence cellulaire ; exprimé dans la leucémie lymphoblastique aiguë à cellules T et dans le lymphome à cellules T. * [[CD3]] <!--= the signaling component of the [[T cell receptor]] (TCR) complex--> = caractérise les lymphocytes T. * [[CD4]] <!--= a co-receptor for MHCII; also a receptor used by HIV to enter T cells--> * [[CD5]] <!--= a type I transmembrane protein found on T cells, thymocytes, and some B cells that is a ligand for CD72 and is involved in cellular activation or adhesion; expressed in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia and T-cell lymphoma.--> * [[CD7]] <!--= a type I transmembrane protein found on thymocytes, some T cells, monocytes, natural killer cells, and hemopoietic stem cells; expressed in patients with mycosis fungoides, some patients with T-cell acute lymphoblastic lymphoma, and a few patients with acute nonlymphocytic lymphoma.--> * [[CD8]] <!--= a co-receptor for MHCI; also found on a subset of myeloid dendritic cells.--> * [[CD9]] = Induction de l'agrégation des plaquettes * [[CD10]] <!--= a type II transmembrane protein found on pre-B cells, germinal-center B cells, some neutrophils, kidney cells, T-cell precursors, and epithelial cells that acts as a zinc metalloprotease cleaving peptide bonds on the amino side of hydrophobic amino acids; expressed in acute lymphocytic leukemia and follicular-center-cell lymphomas.--> * [[CD11c]] <!--= a type I transmembrane protein found on monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, and some B cells that induces cellular activation and helps trigger neutrophil respiratory burst; expressed in hairy cell leukemias, acute nonlymphocytic leukemias, and some B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemias.--> * [[CD14]] = récepteur du LPS (antigène de la suface des bactéries gram-), interagit avec le Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4), ce qui provoque la synthèse et la migration dans le noyau du facteur de transcription NFKB. * [[CD15]] <!--= a phosphatidylinositol-anchored transmembrane protein found on neutrophils and which may be involved in phagocytosis; expressed in patients with Hodgkin disease, some B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemias, acute lymphoblastic leukemias, and most acute nonlymphocytic leukemias.--> * [[CD20]] <!--= a type III transmembrane protein found on B cells that forms a calcium channel in the cell wall allowing for the influx of calcium required for cell activation; expressed in B-cell lymphomas, hairy cell leukemia, and B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia.--> = caractérise les lymphocytes B. * [[CD21]] <!--= a type I transmembrane protein found on B cells, follicular dendritic cells, pharyngeal and cervical epithelial cells, some thymocytes, and some T cells that plays a role in signal transduction; expressed in hairy cell leukemia, B-cell lymphoma, and some T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemias.--> * [[CD21]] <!--= a type I transmembrane protein found in the cytoplasm of pre-B cells and on the surface of mature B cells that facilitates signal transduction; expressed in patients with hairy cell leukemias and in some with B-cell lymphomas.--> * [[CD23]] <!--= a type II transmembrane protein found on mature B cells, monocytes, activated macrophages, eosinophils, platelets, and dendritic cells that enhances capture and processing of antigen complexed with IgE.--> * [[CD25]] <!--= a type I transmembrane protein present on activated T cells, activated B cells, some thymocytes, myeloid precursors, and oligodendrocytes that associates with CD122 to form a heterodimer that can act as a high-affinity receptor for IL-2; expressed in most B-cell neoplasms, some acute nonlymphocytic leukemias, and neuroblastomas.--> * [[CD30]] <!--= a type I transmembrane protein present on activated T and B cells that may play a role in cell activation and/or differentiation; expressed in Hodgkin disease, some T-cell lymphomas, and anaplastic large cell lymphomas.--> * [[CD31]] <!--= PECAM-1, a [[cell adhesion|cell adhesion molecule]] on [[platelet]]s and [[endothelium|endothelial]] cells--> * [[CD34]] <!--= [[stem cell]] marker, [[adhesion]], found on [[hematopoietic]] precursors (found in high concentrations in [[umbilical cord|umbilical cord blood]]), [[capillary]] [[endothelium]], and [[embryonic]] [[fibroblasts]]--> * [[CD35]] <!--= [[Complement receptor 1]] (C3b/C4b receptor)--> * [[CD36]] <!--= Platelet glycoprotein IV or IIIb (GP IV / GP IIIb) --> * [[CD38]] <!--= involved in ecto-[[Adenosine diphosphate|ADP]]-ribosyl [[cyclase]] and cell activation on many [[hematopoietic]], [[plasma]], and [[b cells|B]] & [[t cells|T activated cells]]; marker increases with HIV seroconversion, coexpression with CD8 associated with progression (indicates persistent viral stimulation) * [[CD45]] <!--= a type I transmembrane protein present on all hemopoietic cells except erythrocytes that assists in cell activation; expressed in lymphomas, B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia, hairy cell leukemia, and acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. * [[CD56]] <!--= a marker for [[natural killer cell]]s and some T-lymphocytes * [[CD58]] <!--= a membrane protein present on many hemopoietic cells and fibroblasts that acts as a ligand for CD2 and may be involved in T-cell function. * [[CD71]] <!--= [[Transferrin]] receptor, mediates cellular uptake of [[iron]] * [[CD103]] <!--= a type I transmembrane protein present on intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes, some circulating leukocytes, and some T cells that facilitates adhesion to epithelia; expressed in hairy cell leukemia and some B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemias. * [[CD117]] <!--= [[tyrosine kinase|c-kit]], the [[Receptor (biochemistry)|receptor]] for Stem Cell Factor, a [[glycoprotein]] that regulates [[cellular differentiation]], particularly in [[hematopoiesis]] * [[CD120]] <!--= a receptor for [[Tumor necrosis factor|Tumour Necrosis Factor]], an inflammatory [[cytokine]] * [[CD142]] <!--= [[Tissue factor]], a major initiator of [[coagulation|blood-clotting]] * [[CD143]] <!--= [[Angiotensin-converting enzyme]] * [[CD144]] <!--= VE-Cadherin, a calcium-dependent adhesion molecule at intercellular junctions, found mainly in the vascular [[endothelium]]. Recent research indicates that CD144 may be present on some [[leucocytes]] as well. * [[CDw186]] <!--= CXCR6, a [[G-protein-coupled receptor]] for the [[neutrophil]]-attacting [[chemokine]] CXCL6 * [[CD202a]] <!--= Tie2, the receptor for angiopoietins, a family of [[angiogenesis|angiogenic]] factors--> * [[CD1]] <!--= an [[Major histocompatibility complex|MHC]]-like molecule that presents lipid molecules--> * [[CD2]] <!--= a type I transmembrane protein found on thymocytes, T cells, and some natural killer cells that acts as a ligand for CD58 and CD59 and is involved in signal transduction and cell adhesion; expressed in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and T-cell lymphoma.---> * [[CD3]] <!--= the signaling component of the [[T cell receptor]] (TCR) complex---> * [[CD4]] <!--= a co-receptor for MHCII; also a receptor used by HIV to enter T cells--> * [[CD5]] <!--= a type I transmembrane protein found on T cells, thymocytes, and some B cells that is a ligand for CD72 and is involved in cellular activation or adhesion; expressed in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia and T-cell lymphoma.---> * [[CD7]] <!--= a type I transmembrane protein found on thymocytes, some T cells, monocytes, natural killer cells, and hemopoietic stem cells; expressed in patients with mycosis fungoides, some patients with T-cell acute lymphoblastic lymphoma, and a few patients with acute nonlymphocytic lymphoma.---> * [[CD8]] <!--= a co-receptor for MHCI; also found on a subset of myeloid dendritic cells.---> * [[CD10]] <!--= a type II transmembrane protein found on pre-B cells, germinal-center B cells, some neutrophils, kidney cells, T-cell precursors, and epithelial cells that acts as a zinc metalloprotease cleaving peptide bonds on the amino side of hydrophobic amino acids; expressed in acute lymphocytic leukemia and follicular-center-cell lymphomas.--> * [[CD11c]] <!--= a type I transmembrane protein found on monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, and some B cells that induces cellular activation and helps trigger neutrophil respiratory burst; expressed in hairy cell leukemias, acute nonlymphocytic leukemias, and some B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemias.--> * [[CD15]] <!--= a phosphatidylinositol-anchored transmembrane protein found on neutrophils and which may be involved in phagocytosis; expressed in patients with Hodgkin disease, some B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemias, acute lymphoblastic leukemias, and most acute nonlymphocytic leukemias. * [[CD20]] <!--= a type III transmembrane protein found on B cells that forms a calcium channel in the cell wall allowing for the influx of calcium required for cell activation; expressed in B-cell lymphomas, hairy cell leukemia, and B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia.--> * [[CD21]] <!--= a type I transmembrane protein found on B cells, follicular dendritic cells, pharyngeal and cervical epithelial cells, some thymocytes, and some T cells that plays a role in signal transduction; expressed in hairy cell leukemia, B-cell lymphoma, and some T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemias.--> * [[CD21]] <!--= a type I transmembrane protein found in the cytoplasm of pre-B cells and on the surface of mature B cells that facilitates signal transduction; expressed in patients with hairy cell leukemias and in some with B-cell lymphomas.--> * [[CD23]] <!--= a type II transmembrane protein found on mature B cells, monocytes, activated macrophages, eosinophils, platelets, and dendritic cells that enhances capture and processing of antigen complexed with IgE.--> * [[CD25]] <!--= a type I transmembrane protein present on activated T cells, activated B cells, some thymocytes, myeloid precursors, and oligodendrocytes that associates with CD122 to form a heterodimer that can act as a high-affinity receptor for IL-2; expressed in most B-cell neoplasms, some acute nonlymphocytic leukemias, and neuroblastomas.--> * [[CD30]] <!--= a type I transmembrane protein present on activated T and B cells that may play a role in cell activation and/or differentiation; expressed in Hodgkin disease, some T-cell lymphomas, and anaplastic large cell lymphomas.--> * [[CD31]] <!--= PECAM-1, a [[cell adhesion|cell adhesion molecule]] on [[platelet]]s and [[endothelium|endothelial]] cells--> * [[CD34]] <!--= [[stem cell]] marker, [[adhesion]], found on [[hematopoietic]] precursors (found in high concentrations in [[umbilical cord|umbilical cord blood]]), [[capillary]] [[endothelium]], and [[embryonic]] [[fibroblasts]]--> * [[CD35]] <!--= [[Complement receptor 1]] (C3b/C4b receptor)--> * [[CD36]] <!--= Platelet glycoprotein IV or IIIb (GP IV / GP IIIb) --> * [[CD38]] <!--= involved in ecto-[[Adenosine diphosphate|ADP]]-ribosyl [[cyclase]] and cell activation on many [[hematopoietic]], [[plasma]], and [[b cells|B]] & [[t cells|T activated cells]]; marker increases with HIV seroconversion, coexpression with CD8 associated with progression (indicates persistent viral stimulation)--> * [[CD45]] <!--= a type I transmembrane protein present on all hemopoietic cells except erythrocytes that assists in cell activation; expressed in lymphomas, B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia, hairy cell leukemia, and acute nonlymphocytic leukemia.--> * [[CD56]] <!--= a marker for [[natural killer cell]]s and some T-lymphocytes--> * [[CD58]] <!--= a membrane protein present on many hemopoietic cells and fibroblasts that acts as a ligand for CD2 and may be involved in T-cell function. * [[CD71]] <!--= [[Transferrin]] receptor, mediates cellular uptake of [[iron]] * [[CD103]] <!--= a type I transmembrane protein present on intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes, some circulating leukocytes, and some T cells that facilitates adhesion to epithelia; expressed in hairy cell leukemia and some B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemias. * [[CD117]] <!--= [[tyrosine kinase|c-kit]], the [[Receptor (biochemistry)|receptor]] for Stem Cell Factor, a [[glycoprotein]] that regulates [[cellular differentiation]], particularly in [[hematopoiesis]] * [[CD120]] <!--= a receptor for [[Tumor necrosis factor|Tumour Necrosis Factor]], an inflammatory [[cytokine]] * [[CD142]] <!--= [[Tissue factor]], a major initiator of [[coagulation|blood-clotting]] * [[CD143]] <!--= [[Angiotensin-converting enzyme]] * [[CD144]] <!--= VE-Cadherin, a calcium-dependent adhesion molecule at intercellular junctions, found mainly in the vascular [[endothelium]]. Recent research indicates that CD144 may be present on some [[leucocytes]] as well. * [[CDw186]] <!--= CXCR6, a [[G-protein-coupled receptor]] for the [[neutrophil]]-attacting [[chemokine]] CXCL6 * [[CD202a]] <!--= Tie2, the receptor for angiopoietins, a family of [[angiogenesis|angiogenic]] factors --> {{portail médecine}} <!--{{listdev}}--> ==Voir aussi== * [[Liste de molécules CD humaines]] ==Liens externes== * [http://www.mh-hannover.de/aktuelles/projekte/hlda7/hldabase/select.htm HLDA Antibody Database] * A [http://www.ebioscience.com/ebioscience/whatsnew/humancdchart.htm list of CD molecules], at ebioscience.com * Another [http://ca.expasy.org/cgi-bin/lists?cdlist.txt list of CD molecules], at Expasy.org * Yet another [http://pathologyoutlines.com/cdmarkers.html list of CD molecules], at PathologyOutlines.com [[Catégorie:Cluster of differentiation|*]] [[Catégorie:Vocabulaire de l'hématologie]] [[cs:Diferenciační skupina]] [[de:Cluster of differentiation]] [[en:Cluster of differentiation]] [[es:Cúmulo de diferenciación]] [[ja:CD分類]] [[pt:Grupamento de diferenciação]]