<page>
    <title>IAST</title>
    <id>1781677</id>
    <revision>
      <id>31374177</id>
      <timestamp>2008-07-07T12:59:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bertrand Bellet</username>
        <id>23174</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>- surcat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{{Unicode}}
L’'''IAST''' (''International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration''), c’est-à-dire l’alphabet international pour la translittération du [[sanskrit]], est une norme académique pour le sanskrit romanisé, translittéré dans l’alphabet latin.

La norme IAST est utilisée dans les publications papiers et de plus en plus dans les publications électroniques.  Cette norme de translittération du sanskrit trouve son origine au Congrès des Orientalistes de [[1912]], tenu à [[Athènes]].

L’IAST permet de préserver l’essentiel de la prononciation du sanskrit écrit dans l’alphabet [[devanāgarī]].  Cette norme représente non seulement les phonèmes du sanskrit, elle permet une transcription phonétique fidèle, tenant compte du visarga ( ḥ ) et de l’anusvāra ( ṃ ).

==Inventaire de la graphie IAST==

L’inventaire suivant  de l’IAST est essentiellement valide pour le sanskrit.  Dans le cas du hindi, quelques évolutions phonologiques mineures ont eu lieu.

&lt;BR&gt;
{| border=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;2&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;BORDER-COLLAPSE:collapse;BACKGROUND:#FFFFFF;font-size:130%;&quot;
|-
|अ&amp;nbsp;[ɐ] &lt;br&gt; a&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;A
| style=&quot;background:ivory;&quot; |आ&amp;nbsp;[ɒː] &lt;br&gt; ā&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Ā
|इ&amp;nbsp;[i] &lt;br&gt; i&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;I
| style=&quot;background:ivory;&quot; |ई&amp;nbsp;[iː] &lt;br&gt; ī&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Ī
|उ&amp;nbsp;[u] &lt;br&gt; u&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;U
| style=&quot;background:ivory;&quot; |ऊ&amp;nbsp;[uː] &lt;br&gt; ū&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Ū
| style=&quot;background:ivory;&quot; |ऋ&amp;nbsp;[ɻʲ] &lt;br&gt; ṛ&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Ṛ
| style=&quot;background:ivory;&quot; |ॠ&amp;nbsp;[ɻʲː] &lt;br&gt; ṝ&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Ṝ
| style=&quot;background:ivory;&quot; |ऌ&amp;nbsp;[ɹʲ] &lt;br&gt; ḷ&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Ḷ
| style=&quot;background:ivory;&quot; |ॡ&amp;nbsp;[ɹʲː] &lt;br&gt; ḹ&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Ḹ
| style=&quot;font-size:10pt;&quot; | [[voyelle]]s
|}
&lt;BR&gt;
{| border=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;2&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;BORDER-COLLAPSE:collapse;BACKGROUND:#FFFFFF;font-size:130%;&quot;
|-
|ए&amp;nbsp;[e̞ː] &lt;br&gt; e&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;E
|ऐ&amp;nbsp;[aːi] [ɛ͡i] &lt;br&gt; ai&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Ai
|ओ&amp;nbsp;[oː] &lt;br&gt; o&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;O
|औ&amp;nbsp;[ɔ͡u] &lt;br&gt; au&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Au
| style=&quot;font-size:10pt;&quot; | [[diphthongue]]s
|}
&lt;BR&gt;
{| border=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;2&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;BORDER-COLLAPSE:collapse;BACKGROUND:#FFFFFF;font-size:130%;&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;background:ivory;&quot; |अं&amp;nbsp;[ⁿ] &lt;br&gt; ṃ&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Ṃ
| style=&quot;font-size:10pt;&quot; | [[anusvāra]]
|-
| style=&quot;background:ivory;&quot; |अः&amp;nbsp;[h] &lt;br&gt; ḥ&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Ḥ
| style=&quot;font-size:10pt;&quot; | [[visarga]]
|}
&lt;BR&gt;
{| border=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;2&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;BORDER-COLLAPSE:collapse;BACKGROUND:#FFFFFF;font-size:130%;&quot;
|- 
|क&amp;nbsp;[k] &lt;br&gt; k&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;K
|च&amp;nbsp;[t͡ʃ] &lt;br&gt; c&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;C
| style=&quot;background:ivory;&quot; |ट&amp;nbsp;[t̺] &lt;br&gt; ṭ&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Ṭ
|त&amp;nbsp;[t] &lt;br&gt; t&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;T
|प&amp;nbsp;[p] &lt;br&gt; p&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;P
| style=&quot;font-size:10pt;&quot; | [[occlusive sourde|occlusives sourdes]]
|- 
|ख&amp;nbsp;[kʰ] &lt;br&gt; kh&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Kh
|छ&amp;nbsp;[t͡ʃʰ] &lt;br&gt; ch&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Ch
| style=&quot;background:ivory;&quot; |ठ&amp;nbsp;[t̺h] &lt;br&gt; ṭh&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Ṭh
|थ&amp;nbsp;[tʰ] &lt;br&gt; th&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Th
|फ&amp;nbsp;[pʰ] &lt;br&gt; ph&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Ph
| style=&quot;font-size:10pt;&quot; | [[occlusive sourde|occlusives sourdes]] [[aspiré]]es
|- 
|ग&amp;nbsp;[g] &lt;br&gt; g&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;G
|ज&amp;nbsp;[d͡ʒ] &lt;br&gt; j&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;J
| style=&quot;background:ivory;&quot; |ड&amp;nbsp;[ɖ][d̺] &lt;br&gt; ḍ&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Ḍ
|द&amp;nbsp;[d] &lt;br&gt; d&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;D
|ब&amp;nbsp;[b] &lt;br&gt; b&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;B
| style=&quot;font-size:10pt;&quot; | [[occlusive sonore|occlusives sonores]]
|-
|घ&amp;nbsp;[gʱ] &lt;br&gt; gh&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Gh
|झ&amp;nbsp;[d͡ʒʱ] &lt;br&gt; jh&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Jh
| style=&quot;background:ivory;&quot; |ढ&amp;nbsp;[ɖʱ] &lt;br&gt; ḍh&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Ḍh
|ध&amp;nbsp;[dʱ] &lt;br&gt; dh&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Dh
|भ&amp;nbsp;[bʱ] &lt;br&gt; bh&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Bh
| style=&quot;font-size:10pt;&quot; | [[occlusive sonore|occlusives sonores]] [[aspiré]]es
|- 
| style=&quot;background:ivory;&quot; |ङ&amp;nbsp;[ŋ] &lt;br&gt; ṅ&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Ṅ
| style=&quot;background:ivory;&quot; |ञ&amp;nbsp;[ɲ] &lt;br&gt; ñ&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Ñ
| style=&quot;background:ivory;&quot; |ण&amp;nbsp;[ɳ][n̺] &lt;br&gt; ṇ&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Ṇ
|न&amp;nbsp;[n] &lt;br&gt; n&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;N
|म&amp;nbsp;[m] &lt;br&gt; m&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;M
| style=&quot;font-size:10pt;&quot; | [[occlusive nasale|occlusives nasales]]
|- 
| &amp;nbsp; 
|य&amp;nbsp;[j] &lt;br&gt; y&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Y
|र&amp;nbsp;[r] &lt;br&gt; r&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;R
|ल&amp;nbsp;[l] &lt;br&gt; l&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;L
|व&amp;nbsp;[v][ʋ] &lt;br&gt; v&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;V
| style=&quot;font-size:10pt;&quot; | [[semi-voyelle]]s
|- 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| style=&quot;background:ivory;&quot; |श &amp;nbsp;[ç][ʃ&lt;sup&gt;j&lt;/sup&gt;]  &lt;br&gt; ś&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Ś
| style=&quot;background:ivory;&quot; |ष&amp;nbsp;[s̺] &lt;br&gt; ṣ&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Ṣ
|स&amp;nbsp;[s] &lt;br&gt; s&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;S
| &amp;nbsp; 
| style=&quot;font-size:10pt;&quot; | [[sifflante]]s
|- 
|ह&amp;nbsp;[ɦ] &lt;br&gt; h&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;H
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| style=&quot;font-size:10pt;&quot; | [[fricative sonore]]
|}


Note : Contrairement aux normes ASCII tels que ITRANS, Harvard Kyoto, les diacritiques utilisées dans la norme IAST permettent les majuscules.

==Liens internes==
* [[Consonne fricative]]
* [[Consonne occlusive]]
* [[Transcription des langues indiennes]]

[[Catégorie:Sanskrit]]
[[Catégorie:Romanisation]]

{{Portail|écriture|langues}}

[[br:Lizherenneg etrebroadel evit treuzskrivañ ar sañskriteg]]
[[de:International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration]]
[[en:International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration]]
[[id:Transliterasi Aksara Sansekerta Internasional]]
[[it:Alfabeto internazionale per la translitterazione del sanscrito]]
[[ja:IAST]]
[[lt:TarptautinÄ— Sanskrito Alfabeto Transliteracija]]
[[lv:Starptautiskais Sanskrita Transliterācijas Alfabēts]]
[[ml:സംസ്കൃത ലിപ്യന്തരീകരണത്തിനുള്ള അന്താരാഷ്ട്ര ലിപി]]
[[nl:IAST]]
[[no:IAST]]
[[os:IAST]]
[[pl:IAST]]
[[pt:Alfabeto internacional para a transliteração de sânscrito]]
[[ru:IAST]]
[[sl:Mednarodna abeceda za prečrkovanje sanskrta]]
[[uk:IAST]]
[[vi:IAST]]
[[zh:IAST]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>