Mésothélium
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2008-02-11T16:14:25Z
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Le '''mésothélium''' est un [[tissu biologique]] constitué d'une couche de [[épithélium|cellules épithéliales]] simple pavimenteux qui tapisse la surface interne des [[Séreuse|cavités séreuses]] de l'organisme. Les cellules sont unies entre elles par des complexes de jonctions et des [[desmosome]]s permettant une bonne étanchéité de la couche de cellules. Le [[cytoplasme]] des cellules qui la composent est très mince (inférieur à 1 µm) et son noyau est relativement arrondi par rapport à l'[[endothélium]] qui est de la même classification, un épithélium simple pavimenteux.
C'est l'association d'un mésothelium et du [[tissu conjonctif]] sous-jacent qui donne une [[séreuse]].
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The '''mesothelium''' is a membrane that forms the lining of several body cavities: the [[pleura]] (thoracal cavity), [[peritoneum]] (abdominal cavity) and [[pericardium]] (heart sac). Mesothelial tissue also surrounds the male internal reproductive organs (the [[tunica vaginalis testis]]) and the [[tunica serosa uteri]] covers the internal reproductive organs in women.
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==Origine==
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Mesothelium derives from the [[embryo]]nic [[mesoderm]] cell layer, that lines the [[coelom]] (body cavity) in the embryo. It develops into the layer of cells that covers and protects most of the internal organs of the body. It is composed of two layers of cells:
* One layer that immediately surrounds the organ (visceral);
* A sac around the cavity (parietal).
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==Fonction==
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The mesothelium produces a lubricating fluid that is released between these layers, allowing moving organs (such as the beating [[heart]], the expanding and contracting [[lung]]s, and peristaltically active [[intestine]]) to glide easily against adjacent structures.
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==maladies liées au mésothélium==
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[[Mesothelioma]] ([[cancer]] of the mesothelium) is a disease in which cells of the mesothelium become abnormal and divide without control or order. They can invade and damage nearby tissues and organs. Cancer cells can also metastasize (spread) from their original site to other parts of the body. Most cases of mesothelioma begin in the pleura or peritoneum. It is linked with [[asbestos]] exposure and [[tobacco smoking|smoking]].
As mesothelium lacks [[tight junction]]s, an ultrastructure that closely links cells together (as seen in [[epithelium|epithelia]]), it is prone to shedding during [[surgery]]. When this happens, the exposed surface can form adhesions with other surfaces, leading to intraabdominal (or rarely intrathoracal) adhesions.
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==Voir aussi==
* [[Mésothéliome]]
==Sources==
* {{en}} [http://cis.nci.nih.gov/fact/6_36.htm Mésothéliome : Questions et réponses (en anglais)] ([[National Cancer Institute]]).
{{Portail médecine}}
[[Catégorie:Anatomie humaine|Mesothelium]]
[[Catégorie:Anatomie animale|Mesothelium]]
[[en:Mesothelium]]
[[it:Mesotelio]]
[[ja:中皮]]