Tohi de Californie 1974680 29235067 2008-05-03T18:02:33Z Badmood 4507 Bot : Remplacement de texte automatisé (-Orégon +Oregon) {{Ébauche|oiseau}} {{Taxobox animal | Tohi de Californie|Pipilo crissalis.jpg | ''Pipilo crissalis'' }} {{Taxobox phylum | Chordata }} {{Taxobox sous-embranchement | Vertebrata }} {{Taxobox classe | Aves }} {{Taxobox ordre | Passeriformes }} {{Taxobox famille | Emberizidae }} {{Taxobox genre | Pipilo }} {{Taxobox binomial animal | Pipilo crissalis | ([[Nicholas Aylward Vigors|Vigors]], [[1839]])}} {{Taxobox IUCN | LC }} {{Taxobox wikispecies | Pipilo crissalis }} {{Taxobox commons | Pipilo crissalis }} {{Taxobox fin}} Le '''Tohi de Californie''' (''Pipilo crissalis'') est un oiseau de la famille des [[Emberizidae]] originaire de l'ouest de l'[[Oregon]] et de la [[Californie]] aux [[États-Unis]], ainsi que de la [[Basse-Californie-du-Sud]] au Mexique. == Sous-espèces == ** ''Pipilo crissalis albigula'' S.F. Baird, 1860 ** ''Pipilo crissalis aripolius'' Oberholser, 1919 ** ''Pipilo crissalis bullatus'' Grinnell & Swarth, 1926 ** ''Pipilo crissalis carolae'' McGregor, 1899 ** ''Pipilo crissalis crissalis'' (Vigors, 1839) ** ''Pipilo crissalis eremophilus'' Van Rossem ,1935 ** ''Pipilo crissalis petulans'' Grinnell & Swarth, 1926 ** ''Pipilo crissalis senicula'' Anthony, 1895 == Description == Il mesure 20 à 25 centimètres de long avec une queue assez longue.Il ressemble à un gros [[moineau]] avec un plumage brun sauf sous la queue et au niveau de la gorge où il a des taches rousses. Il existe un léger dimorphisme entre mâle et femelle. == Galerie == <gallery> Image:Birdy.jpg </gallery> == Références (anglaises) == === Livre === * Kunzmann, M. R., K. Ellison, K. L. Purcell, R. R. Johnson, and L. T. Haight. 2002. ''California Towhee (Pipilo crissalis)''. In ''The Birds of North America'', No. 632 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA. === Thèse === * Purcell KL. Ph.D. (1995). ''Reproductive strategies of open- and cavity-nesting birds''. University of Nevada, Reno, United States -- Nevada. * Slowik TJD. Ph.D. (2000). ''Studies on the enzootiology of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and the host-targeted control of arthropod vectors of disease in northwestern California''. University of California, Berkeley, United States -- California. === Articles === * Alexander JD, Seavy NE & Hosten PE. (2007). ''Using conservation plans and bird monitoring to evaluate ecological effects of management: An example with fuels reduction activities in southwest Oregon''. Forest Ecology & Management. vol '''238''', no 1-3. p. 375-383. * Benedict L. (2007). ''Offspring discrimination without recognition: California Towhee responses to chick distress calls''. Condor. vol '''109''', no 1. p. 79-87. * Carson RJ & Spicer GS. (2003). ''A phylogenetic analysis of the emberizid sparrows based on three mitochondrial genes''. Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution. vol '''29''', no 1. p. 43-57. * Dodge AG, Fry AJ, Blackwell RC & Zink RM. (1995). ''Comparison of phylogenies derived from two molecular data sets in the avian genera Pipilo and Spizella''. Wilson Bulletin. vol '''107''', no 4. p. 641-654. * Laabs DM, Allaback ML & Lapre LF. (1995). ''Census of the Inyo California Towhee in the eastern third of its range''. Western Birds. vol '''26''', no 4. p. 189-196. * Patten MA & Bolger DT. (2003). ''Variation in top-down control of avian reproductive success across a fragmentation gradient''. Oikos. vol '''101''', no 3. p. 479-488. * Purcell KL & Verner J. (1998). ''Density and reproductive success of California Towhees''. Conservation Biology. vol '''12''', no 2. p. 442-450. * Valone TJ & Wheelbarger AJ. (1998). ''The effect of heterospecifics on the group-size effect in white-crowned sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys)''. Bird Behavior. vol '''12''', no 3-4. p. 85-90. * Zink RM. (1988). ''Evolution of Brown Towhees Allozymes Morphometrics and Species Limits''. Condor. vol '''90''', no 1. p. 72-82. * Zink RM & Dittman DL. (1991). ''Evolution of Brown Towhees Mitochondrial DNA Evidence''. Condor. vol '''93''', no 1. p. 98-105. * Zink RM, Weller SJ & Blackwell RC. (1998). ''Molecular phylogenetics of the avian genus Pipilo and a biogeographic argument for taxonomic uncertainty''. Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution. vol '''10''', no 2. p. 191-201. [[Catégorie:Oiseau (nom scientifique)]] [[Catégorie:Emberizidae]] [[en:California Towhee]]