Simula ISO Character Set

The following table gives the internal coding, printable representation and class for the SIMULA character set according to the ISO standard.

Note:
Characters with codes below 32 (control characters) are not meant to be printed. Some are used to format the output, i.e: CR (carriage return), TAB; others are used in communication protocols: STX (start text) or ACKnowledge.

0 NUL skip 32 SP basic 64 @ national 96 ` national
1 SOH illegal 33 ! basic 65 A basic 97 a basic
2 STX illegal 34 " basic 66 B basic 98 b basic
3 ETX illegal 35 # graphic 67 C basic 99 c basic
4 EOT illegal 36 $ national 68 D basic 100 d basic
5 ENQ illegal 37 % graphic 69 E basic 101 e basic
6 ACK illegal 38 & basic 70 F basic 102 f basic
7 BELL illegal 39 ' basic 71 G basic 103 g basic
8 BS format 40 ( basic 72 H basic 104 h basic
9 TAB format 41 ) basic 73 I basic 105 i basic
10 LF format 42 * basic 74 J basic 106 j basic
11 VT format 43 + basic 75 K basic 107 k basic
12 FF format 44 , basic 76 L basic 108 l basic
13 CR format 45 - basic 77 M basic 109 m basic
14 SO illegal 46 . basic 78 N basic 110 n basic
15 SI illegal 47 / basic 79 O basic 111 o basic
16 DLE illegal 48 0 basic 80 P basic 112 p basic
17 DC1 illegal 49 1 basic 81 Q basic 113 q basic
18 DC2 illegal 50 2 basic 82 R basic 114 r basic
19 DC3 illegal 51 3 basic 83 S basic 115 s basic
20 DC4 illegal 52 4 basic 84 T basic 116 t basic
21 NAK illegal 53 5 basic 85 U basic 117 u basic
22 SYN illegal 54 6 basic 86 V basic 118 v basic
23 ETB illegal 55 7 basic 87 W basic 119 w basic
24 CAN illegal 56 8 basic 88 X basic 120 x basic
25 EM illegal 57 9 basic 89 Y basic 121 y basic
26 SUB illegal 58 : basic 90 Z basic 122 z basic
27 ESC illegal 59 ; basic 91 [ national 123 { national
28 FS illegal 60 < basic 92 \ national 124 | national
29 GS illegal 61 = basic 93 ] national 125 } national
30 RS illegal 62 > basic 94 ^ national 126 ~ national
31 US illegal 63 ? graphic 95 _ basic 127 DEL skip


Simula character classes

SIMULA recognises several special character classes in addition to the basic characters which appear in the language syntax definition. The classes are:
Basic
Characters such as letters, digits, punctuation and letters which appear in the language syntax charts.
Graphic
These characters (i.e. '#') are allowed in comments, strings (texts) and character constants.
National
These codes are reserved for characters particular to various languages such as Ç, É, Ø or Å. Beware of the $ (dollar) which may print as the local currency unit, ´ or £, elsewhere!
Skip
Two characters, NUL and DEL, which are ignored
Illegal
These characters (mainly non-printable control characters) must not be present in a Simula program. If they are, the compiler will abort. Note that, because the characters are invisible, this kind of error is difficult to trace and correct.
Format
These characters cause output devices to perform special actions such as moving to the next TAB position or skipping to a new page. The Simula compiler treats format characters like blanks; however, whenever a program or a text with format characters is printed the format characters will affect the layout.